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The Younger Dryas (YD) cold reversal interrupts the warming climate of the deglaciation with global climatic impacts. The sudden cooling is typically linked to an abrupt slowdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in response to meltwater discharges from ice sheets. However, inconsistencies regarding the YD-response of European summer temperatures have cast doubt whether the
Human kallikrein peptidase 2 (hK2) is a prostate specific enzyme whose expression is governed by the androgen receptor (AR). AR is the central oncogenic driver of prostate cancer (PCa) and is also a key regulator of DNA repair in cancer. We report an innovative therapeutic strategy that exploits the hormone-DNA repair circuit to enable molecularly-specific alpha particle irradiation of PCa. Alpha-
Visioner och framtidsbilder efterfrågas ofta för att motivera och inspirera till samhälleliga förändringar. Sådana visioner kan bygga på politisk förändring eller måla upp bilder av teknisk utveckling som hjälper oss att lösa svåra samhälleliga problem. Den typen av visioner är kanske speciellt viktiga när vi strävar efter en hållbar utveckling, och framför allt ifall vi vill motverka att jordens Different kinds of representations of the future are often asked for in order to motivate and inspire societal change. These envisioned futures can be based on political or behavioural change, or may visualize technical developmentwhich could help us solve complex societal problems. The latter type of epresentation is especially important if we aim for sustainable development, and even more so if
Background: Different abdominal symptoms may signal cancer, but their role is unclear. Aim: To examine associations between abdominal symptoms and subsequent cancer diagnosed in the abdominal region. Design and setting: Prospective cohort study comprising 493 GPs from surgeries in Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Scotland, Belgium, and the Netherlands. Method: Over a 10-day period, the GPs recorded consec
Världens skogar lagrar stora mängder kol både som levande biomassa och i marken. Skogarnas förmåga att motverka klimatförändring genom att fungera som kolsänkor har erkänts inom global klimatpolitik, till exempel Parisavtalet från 2015 vilket uppmanar länder att minska sina utsläpp av växthusgaser. Sverige är ett av flera länder med ambitiösa målsättningar och har lovat att inte ha några nettoutslGlobal forests store large amounts of carbon both in living biomass and in the soil. The ability of forests to counteract climate change by acting as carbon sinks have been recognized in global climate politics, such as the 2015 Paris agreement which calls for national commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Sweden is one of many countries who have pledged ambitious climate goals, promisin
Background: It is unclear to what extent primary care practitioners (PCPs) should retain responsibility for follow-up to ensure that patients are monitored until their symptoms or signs are explained. Aim: To explore the extent to which PCPs retain responsibility for diagnostic follow-up actions across 11 international jurisdictions. Design and setting: A secondary analysis of survey data from the
Neurotensin (NT) is a 13-amino acid peptide localized in the neuroendocrine cells of the small intestine, which promotes fat absorption and fatty acids translocation in response to lipid ingestion. NT-knock-out mice fed with a high-fat diet are protected from obesity, fatty liver, and the development of insulin-resistance. In humans, higher plasma levels of pro-NT, which is the stable circulating
We investigate the target normal sheath acceleration of protons in thin aluminum targets irradiated at a relativistic intensity by two time-separated ultrashort (35 fs) laser pulses. When the full-energy laser pulse is temporally split into two identical half-energy pulses, and using target thicknesses of 3 and 6 μm, we observe experimentally that the second half-pulse boosts the maximum energy an
The incretin hormone glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) potentiates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and affects β-cell turnover. This study aimed at evaluating if some of the beneficial effects of GIP on glucose homeostasis can be explained by modulation of islet blood flow. Anesthetized Sprague–Dawley rats were infused intravenously with different doses of GIP (10, 20, or 60
Metalloenzymes are proteins that contain one or more metal ions bound to protein. They constitute about one-third of all enzymes known so far and they often perform hard chemical reactions involving small substrates, like H2 and N2. In our research, we focus on those metal ions that are located in the active sites and perform redox reactions, i.e. involving electron transfer. Why enzymes? As we kMetalloenzymes catalyse a wide variety of reactions in nature. In the thesis, I have studied the reaction mechanism of three metalloenzymes, viz. [NiFe] hydrogenase (H2ase), dimethyl sulfoxide reductase (DMSOR) and formate dehydrogenase (FDH), by theoretical methods, namely quantum mechanics (QM), combined quantum mechanical and molecular mechanics (QM/MM), as well as QM/MM thermodynamic cycle per
For over 30 years GIS has been a major theme in archaeology, leading scholars to debate the way geo-spatial platforms can contribute to a better understanding of the ancient landscape and a more thorough interpretation of the archaeological record. Recently, the introduction of more advanced software and hardware solutions have made it possible to use GIS for visualizing and analysing even geometr
This dissertation investigates the causes of economic fluctuations in the United Kingdom between the Industrial Revolution and the Second World War. The first part of the dissertation studies the micro origins of fluctuations by focusing on regional variation and its aggregate implications. Chapter 1 constructs estimates of the money supply in Ireland between 1840 and 1921. Chapter 2 develops annu
We develop a structural multivariate spatial regression model allowing us to incorporate both inter- and intralocation effects among different variables. The existing multivariate spatial regression approaches are not able to simultaneously account for these effects. The currently available models either ignore the intralocation effect between the variables, which may result to bias in estimation
How do we judge the direction of self-motion (i.e., heading) in the presence of independent object motion? Previous studies that examined this question confounded the effects of a moving object's speed and its position on heading judgments, and did not examine whether the visual system uses salient nonmotion visual cues (such as color contrast and binocular disparity) to segment a moving object fr
I denna avhandling undersöker vi existens av interna vågor och vågor på en ferrofluid. Interna vågor fortplantar sig på ytskiktet mellan två vätskor av olika densitet. Sådana vågor uppkommer till exempel naturligt i haven mellan brackvatten och saltvatten. En ferrofluid är en vätska innehållande små ferromagnetiska partiklar. När en sådan vätska utsätts för ett magnetfält så blir den magnetiserad This thesis concerns travelling waves in a two-layer fluid and on a ferrofluid jet. We prove existence of several types of such waves by reformulating the corresponding governing equation as an infinite dimensional dynamical system, where an unbounded spatial coordinate is used as time. A center-manifold reduction is then employed to reduce the system to a locally equivalent finite dimensional sys
Purpose: The 4 kallikrein panel, commercially available as the 4Kscore®, is a statistical model that has been shown to accurately predict Gleason Grade Group 2 or greater (high grade) cancer on biopsy and the long-term risk of distant prostate cancer metastases. The panel includes 2 novel markers, namely intact prostate specific antigen and hK2. It has been questioned whether these 2 additional ma
Northern ecosystems are experiencing some of the most dramatic impacts of global change on Earth. Rising temperatures, hydrological intensification, changes in atmospheric acid deposition and associated acidification recovery, and changes in vegetative cover are resulting in fundamental changes in terrestrial-aquatic biogeochemical linkages. The effects of global change are readily observed in alt
Introduction: Medical treatment of women with idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss is controversial. The objective was to assess the effects of different treatments on live birth rates and complications in women with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss. Material and methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library, and identified 1415 publications. This systematic review included 21 r
