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Estimating the harms and benefits of prostate cancer screening as used in common practice versus recommended good practice : A microsimulation screening analysis
BACKGROUND: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening and concomitant treatment can be implemented in several ways. The authors investigated how the net benefit of PSA screening varies between common practice versus “good practice.”. METHODS: Microsimulation screening analysis (MISCAN) was used to evaluate the effect on quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) if 4 recommendations were followed: limite
Investigation of ro-vibrational spectra of small hydrocarbons at elevated temperatures using infrared degenerate four-wave mixing
The ro-vibrational spectra around 3 µm of four small hydrocarbons (C2H2, CH4, C2H6 and C2H4) at 296, 550 and 820 K have been investigated using infrared degenerate four-wave mixing (IR-DFWM). The spectra were recorded in gas flows of nitrogen with small admixtures of the hydrocarbons. A fused silica glass tube surrounded by an electric heating wire was used to heat the gas flows. The recorded IR-D
Pion light-by-light contributions to the muon g − 2
This paper contains some new results on the hadronic light-by-light contribution (HLbL) to the muon g − 2. The first part argues that we can expect large effects from disconnected diagrams in present and future calculations by lattice QCD of HLbL. The argument is based on the dominance of pseudo-scalar meson exchange. In the second part, we revisit the pion loop HLbL contribution to the muon anoma
Solvability and limit bicharacteristics
We study the solvability of pseudodifferential operators which are not of principal type. The operator will have real principal symbol and we shall consider the limits of bicharacteristics at the set where the principal symbol vanishes of at least second order. The convergence shall be as smooth curves, then the limit bicharacteristic also is a smooth curve. We shall also need uniform bounds on th
Assessing the contribution of thrombospondin-4 induction and ATF6α activation to endoplasmic reticulum expansion and phenotypic modulation in bladder outlet obstruction
Phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells is a hallmark of disease. The associated expansion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) volume remains unexplained. Thrombospondin-4 was recently found to promote ATF6α activation leading to ER expansion. Using bladder outlet obstruction as a paradigm for phenotypic modulation, we tested if thrombospondin-4 is induced in association with ATF6α activation and E
Exploration of physical and chemical cues on retinal cell fate
Identification of the key components in the physical and chemical milieu directing donor cells into a desired phenotype is a requirement in the investigation of bioscaffolds for the advancement of cell-based therapies for retinal neurodegeneration. We explore the effect of electrospun poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) fiber scaffold topography and functionalization and culture medium, on the behavior of m
Nedlagd åkermark för biomassaproduktion - Kartläggning och potentialuppskattning
The aim of this study is to map and estimate total areas of abandoned arable land in Sweden that could be available for cultivation of lignocellulosic biomass, represented by fast growing broadleaf trees.
Concentration-Induced Association in a Protein System Caused by a Highly Directional Patch Attraction
Self-association of the protein lactoferrin is studied in solution using small-angle X-ray scattering techniques. Effective static structure factors have been shown to exhibit either a monotonic or a nonmonotonic dependence on protein concentration in the small wavevector limit, depending on salt concentration. The behavior correlates with a nonmonotonic dependence of the second virial coefficient
Novel strategies for the treatment of grass pollen-induced allergic rhinitis
Introduction: Allergic rhinitis (AR) affects over 20% of the population of Europe and the United States. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is currently the only form of treatment that affects symptoms and modifies the progression of disease. Established forms of AIT include subcutaneous (SCIT) and sublingual (SLIT) immunotherapy and are widely effective, yet only 2-9% of eligible patients undergo thera
Effects of orifice on pressure difference in pilot-control globe valve by experimental and numerical methods
Pilot-Control Globe Valve (PCGV) can utilize pressure difference caused by fluid flow through the orifice on valve core as its power, for open and close the main valve with a small pilot valve. It has obvious advantages of energy conservation and quick response. Orifice structure on the valve core is the main component to determine the pressure difference, which is used to push the valve core. In
Municipal wastewater treatment by microsieving, microfiltration and forward osmosis : Concepts and potentials
Conventional wastewater treatment plants are designed for treating manmade wastewater (e.g., from households and industries) and to protect the environment (e.g., receiving water bodies) and humans from adverse effects.The objective of this work was to investigate the feasibility of treating municipal wastewater without a biological treatment step by applying different separation processes, such a
Experimental analysis on filter press and energy consumption performance of diaphragm press drying device in chemical post-processing integrated equipment
Higher efficiency, lower energy consumption and less pollution are become more and more important in chemical engineering. Post-process is one of the key parts for producing chemical productions. Thus, we develop a novel device, Chemical Post-Processing Integrated Equipment (CPPIE), which can deal with crystallization, filtration, washing and drying in the same tank by changing the position of it.
CFD analysis on flow resistance characteristics of six-start spirally corrugated tube
Heat transfer enhancement technology has been widely used in heat exchangers. The six-start spirally corrugated tube is a novel heat transfer tube, and its flow resistance characteristics have not been studied. In this paper, the flow resistance characteristics of the six-start spirally corrugated tube are studied. Specifically, the effect of influencing factors such as geometric parameters (pitch
Mach number analysis on multi-stage perforated plates in high pressure reducing valve
High pressure reducing valve (HPRV) is a key device for the pressure control of high temperature and pressure steam in industrial processes. Perforated plate is used as the throttling element to ensure the suitable pressure of steam and reduce aerodynamic noise inside HPRV and the linked pipelines. Mach number is the parameter to reflect the compressibility of steam flow. Higher Mach number may ca
Numerical analysis of flow and cavitation characteristics in a pilot-control globe valve with different valve core displacements
The pilot-control globe valve (PCGV) is a novel globe valve with a piston-type valve core and a small pilot valve. It can utilize a pressure difference to control the state of the main valve by the pilot valve. In this paper, a mathematical model of PCGV is established and a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is used to numerically simulate its flow and cavitation characteristics. Analysis
Transmission loss analysis of thick perforated plates for valve contained pipelines
Valve contained pipelines have witnessed a great growth and there exists a lot of noise caused by valves. Thick perforated plates are especially used is valve contained pipelines for the noise control, but there are limited literatures about its noise control performances under different structural parameter of thick perforated plates, which limits its popularization and application. In this paper
Limit bending moment for pipes with two circumferential flaws under combined internal pressure and bending
By assuming the neutral axis is perpendicular to the bending plane, this paper presents a general analytical solution to predict the limit bending moment for pipes with two inner surface circumferential flaws under combined internal pressure and bending moment. The circumferential stress caused by internal pressure is taken into account through Mises yield criterion. Based on the general solution,
Numerical analysis of flow and temperature characteristics in a high multi-stage pressure reducing valve for hydrogen refueling station
Hydrogen refueling station is one of the most important parts for the hydrogen energy utilization. In this paper, a novel high multi-stage pressure reducing valve (HMSPRV) is proposed, which can be used for hydrogen stable decompression in hydrogen refueling station. In HMSPRV, the inner and outer porous shrouded valve core is used to replace piston valve core to achieve the first-stage throttling
CFD analysis on the dynamic flow characteristics of the pilot-control globe valve
The pilot-control globe valve (PCGV) is a new kind valve with simple structures and low driving energy consumption. It can utilize the pressure difference before and after the valve to control the action of the valve core. However, systematic theoretical research and numerical analysis are deficient at present. In this paper, the mathematical model of PCGV is established and Computational Fluid Dy