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Aim: Abiotic environmental conditions shape ecological and evolutionary processes, yet quantifying their influence on organisms remains challenging due to variation among metrics and their intercorrelations. This study evaluates the utility of temporal environmental predictability measures and assesses their explanatory power in phylogenetic comparative analyses. Innovation: We systematically comp

We propose analytical expressions for ultrasound optical tomography and verify them in Monte Carlo simulations. The proposed hybrid analytical-statistical Monte Carlo model enables quantitative reconstruction of up to 5-centimetre deep tissue absorption inhomogeneities.

Ferulic acid (FA) is one of the most abundant hydroxycinnamic acids found in plant cell walls. Its dehydrodimers play an important role in maintaining the structural rigidity of the plant cell wall. Ferulic acid esterases (FAEs) act as debranching enzymes, cleaving the ester bond between FA and the substituted carbohydrate moieties in FA-containing polysaccharides in the plant cell wall. This enzy

We present a method for obtaining an initial-state parton shower model where the (backward) evolution fully consistent with the (forward) evolution of the collinear parton density used. As a proof-of-concept we use parton densities obtained with the parton branching (PB) approach, and modify the default initial-state shower in Pythia8 with this method to be consistent with them. PB is ideally suit

Background/objectives: Being overweight increases the predisposition to obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), which significantly elevate stroke risk and the likelihood of severe post-stroke disability. Dietary nitrate (NO3−) supplementation can mitigate obesity and metabolic impairments, making it a promising approach to halt overweight people from developing overt obesity/T2D, thereby potentially a

New extragalactic measurements of the cloud population-averaged star formation efficiency per free-fall time, Ïμff, from PHANGS show little sign of a theoretically predicted dependence on the gas virial level and weak variation with cloud-scale gas velocity dispersion. We explore ways to bring theory into consistency with the observations, particularly by highlighting systematic variations in inte

The inclusion of the knowledge and perspectives of Indigenous peoples and local communities (IPLC) in global sciencepolicy processes are increasingly being mandated. This is indicative of the recognition of their expertise and worldviews to inform social and ecological decisions. The IPBES Values Assessment (VA) explicitly highlighted the necessity for a nuanced engagement of different actors whil

This thesis aims to investigate the novel physics around Majorana bound states (MBSs). MBSs are quasiparticle excitations predicted to exist in topological superconductors. Due to the inherent protection they obtain from their topology, they have long been regarded as a promising setup to build a topologically protected quantum computer. Apart from this very practical application, they continue to

The Majorana tetron is a prototypical topological qubit stemming from the ground-state degeneracy of a superconducting island hosting four Majorana modes. This degeneracy manifests as an effective nonlocal spin degree of freedom, the most paradigmatic signature of which is the topological Kondo effect. Degeneracies of states with different fermionic parities also characterize minimal Kitaev chains

A star’s luminosity increases as it evolves along the main sequence (MS), which inevitably results in a higher surface temperature for planets in orbit around the star. Technologically advanced civilizations may tackle this issue by installing artificial structures – starshades – which can reduce the radiation received by the planet. Starshades, if they exist, are potentially detectable with curre

Herein, it is shown that a fully vertical GaN FinFET can reach close to ideal Baliga's figure of merit (BFOM) for thicker drift layers. Devices with drift layers between 1 and 8 (Formula presented.) are simulated using TCAD, and the device geometry is varied to find optimal device performance. For 8 (Formula presented.) drift layers, device operation at the BFOM limit is found with (Formula presen

Cell type annotation remains a critical bottleneck, with current methods often inaccurate and requiring extensive manual validation, particularly in disease contexts. While large language models (LLMs) show promise, they can be unreliable due to hallucinations. We developed CyteType, a multi-agent framework that generates competing hypotheses grounded in full expression data and study context, val

The BCR::ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in CML represent a paradigm for molecularly targeted therapy. However, clinical outcomes - rate/depth of response, treatment-free remission (TFR), progression to blast crisis (BC) - and adverse events vary among patients. While additional somatic mutations have been invoked to explain varying clinical outcomes, we here propose a complementary perspec

Oat grain is a traditional human food that is rich in dietary fibre and contributes to improved human health1,2. Interest in the crop has surged in recent years owing to its use as the basis for plant-based milk analogues3. Oat is an allohexaploid with a large, repeat-rich genome that was shaped by subgenome exchanges over evolutionary timescales4. In contrast to many other cereal species, genomic

Previous versions of this paper were presented at seminars at BI Norwegian Business School and Toulouse School of Economics, and at the ANZESG 2024 meeting in Melbourne. The authors would like to thank all seminar and meeting participants, and in particular Anindya Banerjee (Editor), Jan Ditzen, Eric Gautier, Koen Jochmans, Bonsoo Koo, Adam Lee, Wooyong Lee, Thierry Magnac, Luca Margaritella, Simo

Future-oriented environmental assessments—in particular, prospective life cycle assessments (LCAs)—are increasingly applied within the wastewater treatment (WWT) sector. This thesis contributes to this field of research by addressing how to estimate the environmental impact (improving LCA methodology) and what the impact amounts to (WWT-specific results) for a wastewater treatment plant not yet co

This article investigates trapping mechanisms in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) at cryogenic temperatures (CTs) down to 4.2 K, using pulsed I–V and drain current transient spectroscopy (DCTS) measurements. The results revealed an overall increase of trapping effects at CT. In particular, a substantial increase in current collapse at low temperatures was observed and predomina

Introduction: Wildfires pose escalating risks to communities at the wildland--urban interface, often necessitating extensive evacuations. This thesis explores how driving behaviour during wildfire evacuations differs from routine conditions and how these differences can be modelled to improve traffic simulations, thereby supporting more informed planning and response decisions by authorities.Objec

We report the first observation of a momentum-resolved superconducting gap in the Hg-based trilayer cuprate, which holds the highest record of superconducting transition temperature (T_{c}) at ambient pressure. By angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy utilizing a microfocused beam, clear quasiparticle dispersions originating from the inner and outer CuO_{2} planes (IP and OP, respectively) wer

Quantum instruments describe both the classical outcome and the updated state associated with a quantum measurement. We ask whether these processes can be simulated using only a natural subset of resources, namely projective measurements on the system and quantum processing of the postmeasurement states. We show that the simulability of instruments can be connected to an entanglement classificatio