Letters of credit is an instrument of payment that is frequently used in international trade. Normally the buyer engage a bank which irrevocably promise to pay the seller when the seller (beneficiary) present a specific set of documents. The document’s purpose is to prove that the seller has fulfilled the obligation in the underlying contract of sale. The bank’s task is to investigate the document

Today, many bank offices refuse to handle coins. The coins are heavy, dirty and time consuming to administrate. It is required to automate the coin handling process in order to make the customers able to independently handle their coin transactions. There are already self service machines for depositing coins and for coin withdrawal. A step to further optimize the coin handling is to use the depos

Tetra Pak is developing a new flexible packaging machine called Tetra Pak C3/FLEX. With this machine it will be possible to manufacture packages of different volumes with the same cross sections. A volume change denotes that the repeating length of the packages changes. This results in a variation of the web velocity through the machine. When the web velocity changes, the emitted amount of heat to

Problem statement This thesis work was initiated since there are problems with the navigation devices currently used by SEMC, Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications AB. The problems with the currently used navigation devices are lack of ability to keep dust out and they don’t meet the demands from future applications like scrolling through large amounts of data, image editing and advanced web browsin

Realization of a Master Thesis is one of the mandatory parts of the Master of Science. The thesis was performed at the GUR/MBM mechanical development department at Sony Ericsson Mobile Communication in Lund, with supervision of the Division of Machine Design at the Department of Design Sciences, Lund University of Technology. The current consumption of mobile phones in standby mode has decreased a

The issue of understanding how electrical and mechanical systems work and how the components interact is not a trivial issue for most people. To help students understand these systems and thereby increase the knowledge for the future engineers, educational computer games may act as an important learning platform. This project aims at aiding students in their effort to reach knowledge in the area o

Det representativa styrelseskicket i Sverige tar sig form genom allmänna, återkommande val av politiker, som representerar medborgarna. Den i särklass största gruppen politiker i Sverige är fritidspolitiker, varför det är av principiellt intresse att studera deras situation. Vår uppsats har undersökt, genom en Internetenkät, deras upplevda villkor inom områdena tid, kunskap och ekonomi. Vi har i a

The purpose of this essay is to show that an individual or a group fleeing environmental change can count as what will be called core refugees. This is done by comparing the main criteria for a refugee in the refugee convention of 1951 and the African union’s refugee convention of 1969. These two conventions are used since they represent different views of who’s a refugee, even though they are rel

The role of the city is undergoing changes, and a new discourse is emerging, where growth-oriented projects plays an important role on the local political agenda, and brings increased competition between cities. There are clear indications on a shift from the local government to interactive processes with private-public partnerships that operates in a project-oriented development of the society. T

The abortion issue in the European Union today stands for a paradox situation. Within the union abortion is handled through the subsidiary principle, which states that every country has the right to decide upon the issue itself. Although all member countries of the union have ratified the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, three countries still does no

In the Uzbek cotton industry run by the state under the country’s president Islam Karimov, children as young as the age of 7 have been forced to work under awful conditions picking cotton to fulfill stately quotas for years. In 2007 it was discovered that clothes sold by the multinational Swedish company H&M partly contained cotton from the Uzbek cotton industry. From an assumption that a viol

The Roma people’s isolation has been a major concern for the population in Europe for many years. Programs and legal frameworks are created for the protection for this underprivileged group; however the isolation continues to exist. The purpose of this paper is to explain why many of the measures taken are shown to be inadequate. The outlining and the examination of the history in this matter will

This paper studies the inclusion of the indigenous population in the Guatemalan democratisation process. The indigenous population have throughout the history of Guatemala always suffered from exclusion. Thus it is interesting to study if there have been any improvements in their situation since the signing of the peace agreement in 1996. The base of our paper is Donna Le Van Cott’s article, Build

Uppsatsen är en kvalitativ fallstudie som undersöker varför demokratiseringsprocessen i Eritrea stannat upp. Vi har gjort en djupdykning i ett av de fall som nämns i Mansfield och Snyder artikel, Democratic Transitions, Institutional Strength, and War (2002), där de presenterar teorin om hur ofullständiga demokratier är mer konfliktbenägna. Efter ett trettio år långt självständighetskrig blev Erit

Under senare delen av 1900-talet har Sverige fått en större grupp invånare med annan trosbekännelse än den traditionellt kristna. I takt med att denna grupp vill utöva sin religion med tillhörande uttryck har frågan om omskärelse av pojkar fått större betydelse än tidigare. Omskärelsen sker dock av olika skäl, såväl av religiösa som av traditionella och anses inte sällan som en del i uppfostran.

Abstract The economic crisis of the 1990s brought about a paradigm shift in the macro economic priorities of Swedish governments. The economic crisis also brought about a fundamental and structural reorganization of the Swedish social insurance system. Social insurance was to be concentrated. The component that was to be most affected by the concentration was the sickness insurance. From now and o

Interference fit assembly is a state-of-the-art technology for mounting cylindrical shafts into bores. Due to its extreme cost-efficiency it is used even in high-tech applications such as one of Bosch’s gasoline flow controllers. The picture below shows the anchor-needle connection. Due to electromagnetic incitation the assembly oscillates over 55 times per second. In order for the assembly to wit

This thesis deals with the possible tension between a good peace process and accountability for atrocities breaching international humanitarian law and international human rights law that might exists in the post Gaza war situation in the Middle East. The study is using qualitative method to analyze the Goldstone report in a contextual, holistic approach in order to estimate its impact on a future

The aim with this thesis is to illuminate and describe how Swedish public organizations act up to the Swedish government’s requirements for gender equality and diversity among employees. According to Swedish law, organizations with more than 25 employees have to set up a document for an equality plan. The question is if there are issues in whether organizations conform to the law in working day li