Purpose: The main purposes of this study is to a) evaluate the suitability of a Varian aS1000 EPID as a safe quality assurance device for control of machine specific parameters, such as linac output, beam quality and beam symmetry, and b) to investigate the usefulness of the SPC concept for evaluation of the obtained data. Method and Materials: Measurements were performed using a Varian Clinac 23

Radiochromic film, polymer gel and radiochromic plastic are three different kinds of dosimeters developed for radiation therapy. Even though all three types of dosimeters are suitable for optical scanning, the proposed readout method is different for each detector system. In this study, the scanning properties of three optical CT scanners were investigated to determine if they could be developed i

This essay examines the implicit relationship between political science and rare events, or so called Black Swans. The purpose is to analyze Black Swan weakness by evaluating the nature of political analysis and political theories. The key to this assessment is the analysis of the predictive powers of political analysis and theories. This essay claims, on the basis of Karl Poppers historicism crit

Gender mainstreaming has since the mid-1990s been the strategy adopted in order to incorporate the gender perspective in all decision making. Although the strategy existed for almost 18 years, research shows that the implementation of gender mainstreaming still suffers from shortcomings. Many municipalities mention the lack of methodological support, knowledge and specific Equality strategists as

This thesis analyzes the legitimacy of lay judge’s participation in Swedish courts, addressed as ‘nämndemän’. The Swedish lay judges are assigned in accordance to the proportional share that the political parties receive in the municipal elections. Lay judges therefore represent a political party in court, though sworn by oath not to be affected by it in their judging. The question stated is wheth

In late 2007 and early 2008, the price of food on international commodity markets rose rapidly to unprecedented levels. This period of time has since been known as the global food crisis; a time characterised by growing poverty, malnutrition and political unrest. Food prices have since settled, though at a higher level than before, but during and directly after the crisis governments around the wo

This thesis examines the connection between previous experience of democracy and the inclination to democratic consolidation. Huntington predicted in 1991 in his famous book The Third Wave that countries which became democratic during the so called Third Wave of democratization would be more inclined to democratic consolidation if they had a historical experience of democracy. Other scientists hav

What causes changes in management? This thesis attempts to explain governmental change in the Swedish emergency management and at the same time determine how these changes can best be explained. The Swedish emergency management has been reorganized several times over the past 30 years and it’s these reorganizations that form the basis for this study. The study is based on three different organizat

This thesis seeks to introduce the reader to the idea of Cosmic War giving background on the formation of the concept, how it is currently perceived, and the difference from other seemingly similar ideas such as terrorism and holy war. Following this the most influential factors in the modern appearance of Cosmic War such as the rise of religion in the face of modernity and secularism are explored

Schweiz är det land i världen som använder sig av överlägset mest direktdemokrati. Schweiz röstar om det mesta och den genomsnittlige schweizaren har möjlighet att rösta i genomsnitt i 12 olika frågor per år. I ett folkinitiativ 2010 röstade schweizarna ja till ett förbud mot uppförandet av minareter. Detta och flera andra beslut tagna i direktdemokratisk ordning har en tydlig udd riktad mot lande

Relationen mellan islamism och demokrati är mycket omdebatterad. I vår uppsats undersöker vi en aspekt av denna fråga genom att ställa tre partier som uppfattas som islamistiska - turkiska AKP, tunisiska Al-Nahda och indonesiska PKS - mot en modifierad version av Robert Dahls demokratimodell. Vi har även lagt till en diskussion kring emancipativa värden för att ge större tyngd till det inklusiva d

This essay examines the use of drones in relation to Just War Theory and Rational choice theory. In order to investigate the use of drones from these perspectives, case studies are used for facilitating the application of these theories. From this analysis, it becomes evident that the use of drones cannot be motivated fully by either of these theories. The results of the study also unearth several

Människor med liknande former av social status tenderar vanligen att föredra liknande produkter. Denna uppsats behandlar utifrån en kvalitativ ansats marknadsföringsmaterial gjort av Mercedes och Skoda. Mercedes marknadsför sig genom att framhäva bilen som en statussymbol. Skoda marknadsför sig främst genom att betona bilen som en bruksprodukt. Uppsatsen fokuserar på tre teman utifrån vilka man ka

Uppsatsens syfte är att anpassa teorin om balanserat styrkort för mindre företag i tillväxtfas som verkar inom detaljhandel på internet. Det har framkommit att tre faktorer är viktiga för företag inom arbetets avgränsning. Dessa är Image, Utveckling och Spridning. Då företag på internet ej har en för kunden fysisk verksamhet, blir det av extra stor vikt att precisera och konkretisera sin image för

Vid uppsägning på grund av arbetsbrist åligger det arbetsgivaren att enligt huvudregeln i 22 § fjärde stycket LAS upprätta en turordningslista för berörda arbetstagare. På listan ges arbetstagare med lång anställningstid företräde till fortsatt anställning framför arbetstagare med kortare anställningstid. Med anledning av lagens dispositivitet finns dock möjligheten att även avtala om andra kriter

This paper examines the causal effects of happiness on productivity, using cross sectional time series (panel) data from the UK, spanning the years 1996 to 2008. Innovations in this paper include the use of total compensation instead of wage rates as a proxy for productivity, the use of overall happiness instead of operationalized measures of happiness, and the use of GIS-derived bioclimate variab

Edith Södergran är banbrytande för den lyriska modernismen i Norden. Hon föds i S:t Petersburg som tredje generationens invandrare på mödernet, får sin utbildning i denna stad, bor i Raivola på Karelska näset och är medborgare i det ryska storfurstendömet Finland. Uppsatsen undersöker hur den ryska miljön avspeglas i hennes texter. Utifrån modernismen och det moderna, estetisk idealism och den ry

Global disease transmission is an important area, since knowledge of the time of the onset of an epidemic in a region might help authorities to save many lives. In this thesis I have used a deterministic model with eight parameters, of which two were time dependent, for spreading of the SARS disease. My model is an extension of a model by Colizza and co-workers, where I have added a Heaviside step

Den som utsätts för ett brott har med stöd av nödvärnsbestämmelsen i 24 kap 1 § BrB rätt att försvara sig. Självklart måste det finnas gränser för hur mycket våld som i sådana situationer får användas. Därför anges i bestämmelsen att våldet inte får ha varit ”uppenbart oförsvarligt”. Trots att man överskridit rätten till nödvärn kan man enligt svensk rätt gå fri från ansvar. Gärningen ska enligt A person who is being subjected to a crime has, according to Chapter 24 Section 1 Brottsbalken, a right to defend himself. Naturally the right to self-defence must have some kind of limit. Therefore the provision states that the violence used cannot be “clearly indefensible” Even though an offender has exceeded the right to self-defence he or she can still be excused according to Swedish law. Cha

This paper presents research on the vocabulary used in textbooks for language courses in Italian for beginners. The goal of the research was to find out if there is any difference in vocabulary between textbooks written for a Swedish target audience on the one hand, and a target audience living in Italy on the other hand, and also what consequences, if any, these differences might have. The