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Novel azapeptide inhibitors of cathepsins B and K. Structural background to increased specificity for cathepsin B

We have designed and synthesized a new series of azapeptides which act as potential inhibitors of cathepsin B and/or cathepsin K. Their structures are based upon the inhibitory sites of natural cysteine protease inhibitors, cystatins. For the synthesized azapeptides, the equilibrium constants for dissociation of inhibitor-enzyme complex, K-i, were determined. Comparison of these values indicated t

A new nested polymerase chain reaction method very efficient in detecting Plasmodium and Haemoproteus infections from avian blood

Recently, several polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods for detection and genetic identification of haemosporidian parasites in avian blood have been developed. Most of these have considerably higher sensitivity compared with traditional microscope-based examinations of blood smears. These new methods have already had a strong impact on several aspects of research on avian blood parasites.

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The aim of the study was to establish the influence of dexamethasone and alpha-ketoglutarate administration to pregnant sows on the prenatal programming of the growth hormone level, cortisol, insulin and IGF-I in the blood serum of newborn piglets assessed just after their birth and prior to suckling. The foetal development is dependent on and determined by hormones such as glucocorticoids as well

Spring in the boreal environment: observations on pre- and post-melt energy and CO2 fluxes in two central Siberian ecosystems

A range of observations points towards earlier onset of spring in northern high latitudes. However, despite the profound effects this may have on vegetation-atmosphere exchange of carbon (NEE), vegetation-atmosphere physical coupling, or the location of the tundra-taiga interface, the number of studies that investigate winter-spring transition fluxes in contrasting northern vegetation types is lim

Structural and photoluminescence properties of excited state intramolecular proton transfer capable compounds - Potential emissive and electron transport materials

Electronic factors influencing the photoluminescence properties and rates of excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reaction of o-hydroxy derivatives of 2,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole have been studied. The potential of these molecules as emissive and electron transport materials in designing improved organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) has been studied by analyzing possible reasons

Transverse mass distributions of neutral pions from Pb-208-induced reactions at 158 center dot A GeV

Results on transverse mass spectra of neutral pious measured at central rapidity are presented for impact parameter selected 158-A GeV Pb + Pb-1 and Pb + Nb collisions. The distributions cover the range 0.5 GeV/c(2) less than or equal to MT - Mo less than or equal to 4 GeV/c(2). The change of the spectral shape and the multiplicity with centrality is studied in detail. In going from p+p to semi-pe

Results of two or five years of adjuvant tamoxifen correlated to steroid receptor and S-phase levels

A Swedish cooperative trial demonstrated that 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen was more beneficial than 2 years of tamoxifen in the treatment of postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor (ER) positive, early stage, invasive breast cancer. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the importance of progesterone receptor (PgR) and ER concentration levels for patients participating in the t

Retinyl palmitate is a reproducible marker for chylomicron elimination from blood

To study the individual variation in chylomicron clearance rate, young healthy volunteers were given a p.o. dose of 50,000 IU retinyl palmitate in the morning to label their chylomicrons. Serial blood samples were then obtained in the time interval 4-8 h after retinyl palmitate intake, to closely monitor the clearance of retinyl ester from the blood. The procedure was repeated in an identical way

Sudden approximation in photoemission and beyond

The conditions behind sudden approximation are critically examined. The fuzzy band expression is derived in detail from first principles. We go beyond the sudden approximation to account for both extrinsic losses and interference effects. In an extension of earlier work we discuss both core and valence satellites including both intrinsic and extrinsic amplitudes, and high energy excitations as wel