We used a mass spectrometry-based assay for identifying the endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) marker (R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid in cigarette smoke particles and found that smoking involved inhalation of 17.4 pmol of endotoxin per each smoked cigarette. Indoor exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) entailed inhalation of 12.1 pmol of LPS/m3 air, an amount that was 120 times higher tha

PURPOSE. Integration between subretinal grafts and the host retina is limited in part by the presence of a barrier at the graft-host interface. This study was conducted to identify factors that may contribute to this barrier, by examining the distribution of glial structures and associated molecules in different setups of overlapping retinal pieces. METHODS. Neuroretinal tissue derived from mice t

Popular Abstract in Swedish Införandet av 1993 års skogspolitiska beslut med ett jämställt miljö- och produktionsmål, belyser den historiskt befästa konflikten mellan allmänintresse och egenintresse: statens vilja och behov att styra produktion och avkastning kontra den enskilde skogsägarens rätt att själv bestämma över sin skog. Idag har denna konflikt styrt över mot en statligt uttalad målsättniThis dissertation analyzes the changes in the way Swedish forest policy has been developed and implemented in the past few decades. Its primary focus is on the period from the adoption of new legislation governing forestry in 1993 to date, though the historical antecedents of the more recent developments are also discussed. The dissertation focuses primarily on the interplay between changes in the

BACKGROUND: Differences in the estrogen receptor (ER) status of tumors may explain ambiguities in epidemiologic studies between the blood concentrations of enterolactone and breast cancer. To our knowledge, the association between enterolactone and ERbeta-defined breast cancer has previously not been examined.METHODS: A nested case-control study within the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort used 366 cas

Background: HIV-1 is one of the fastest evolving pathogens, and is distinguished by geographic and genetic variants that have been classified into different subtypes and circulating recombinant forms (CRFs). Early in infection the primary coreceptor is CCR5, but during disease course CXCR4-using HIV-1 populations may emerge. This has been correlated with accelerated disease progression in HIV-1 su

Using the Swedish military enlistment test, this paper estimates the return to schooling for individuals belonging to different parts of the ability distribution. It also attempts to predict whether an endogenous test score causes bias in the "ability-specific" returns to schooling that varies with the test score. A significant finding is that a higher score in the test is associated with a higher

Waist-hip ratio (WHR) is a measure of body fat distribution and a predictor of metabolic consequences independent of overall adiposity. WHR is heritable, but few genetic variants influencing this trait have been identified. We conducted a meta-analysis of 32 genome-wide association studies for WHR adjusted for body mass index (comprising up to 77,167 participants), following up 16 loci in an addit

Comparisons have revealed large discrepancies among the many methods for measuring soil CO2 efflux indicating the need for an absolute calibration of methods. This study presents a calibration system, constructed to imitate an area of soil, and its application to two different chamber systems for the measurement Of Soil CO2 efflux: one open and one closed dynamic. Air rich in CO2 was allowed to di

We present a new method for signal extraction from noisy multichannel epileptic seizure onset EEG signals. These signals are non-stationary which makes time-invariant filtering unsuitable. The new method assumes a signal model and performs denoising by filtering the signal of each channel using a time-variable filter which is an estimate of the Wiener filter. The approximate Wiener filters are obt

Abstract in UndeterminedThis paper studies how different NOx abatement technologies have diffused under the Swedish system of refunded emissions charges and analyzes the determinants of the time to adoption. The policy, under which the charge revenues are refunded back to the regulated firms in proportion to energy output, was explicitly designed to affect investment in NOx-reducing technologies.

The reaction of 1,3-C6H4(CH2PCy2)(2) with anhydrous nickel(II) chloride in dry THF produces the non-cyclometallated dinuclear complex trans-[Ni2Cl4{cis-(Cy2PCH2)(2)C6H4}(2)]. The compound was characterised by H-1, P-31 and C-13 NMR spectroscopy and its solid state structure was determined by X-ray diffraction. An improved synthetic procedure of the aromatic pincer ligand 1,3-C6H4(CH2PCy2)(2) is re

Objective. The incidence of prostate cancer is rising rapidly in Sweden and there is a need to better understand the pattern of diagnosis, tumor characteristics and treatment. Material and methods. Between 1996 and 2005, all new cases of adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland were intended to be registered in the National Prostate Cancer Register (NPCR). This register contains information on diagnos