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Patterns of selection acting on immune defence genes have recently been the focus of considerable interest. Yet, when it comes to vertebrates, studies have mainly focused on the acquired branch of the immune system. Consequently, the direction and strength of selection acting on genes of the vertebrate innate immune defence remain poorly understood. Here, we present a molecular analysis of selecti

Distinct from most other acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), infant ALL with mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene rearrangement, the most common leukemia occurring within the first year of life, might arise without the need for cooperating genetic lesions. Through Ig/TCR rearrangement analysis of MLL-AF4+ infant ALL at diagnosis and xenograft leukemias from mice transplanted with the same diagnostic

A measurement setup for in situ sampling of internal relative humidity and temperature in concrete structures was developed. The setup was used to evaluate the moisture conditions and to determine whether drying of the concrete components within a nuclear reactor containment contributes to the moisture conditions. The measurement setup was tested for accuracy and thereafter installed in Swedish nu

Study Type - Diagnosis (cohort) Level of Evidence 2a What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with choline and fluoride for the detection of metastases in patients with prostate cancer have each been evaluated, with mixed results. Choline PET/CT has been evaluated against pelvic lymphadenectomy, generally with a low sensiti

In the present study we investigate the fate of citalopram (CIT) at neutral pH using advanced water treatment technologies that include O(3), ClO(2) oxidation, UV irradiation and Fenton oxidation. The ozonation resulted in 80% reduction after 30min treatment. Oxidation with ClO(2) removed>90% CIT at a dosage of 0.1mgL(-1). During UV irradiation 85% reduction was achieved after 5min, while Fenton w

The primary aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of lithium associated end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and to compare the relative risk of ESRD in lithium users versus non-lithium users. Second, the role of lithium in the pathogenesis of ESRD was evaluated. We used the Swedish Renal Registry to search for lithium-treated patients with ESRD among 2644 patients with chronic renal replacem

Free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiments provide a remarkable wealth of data which can be used to evaluate and improve terrestrial ecosystem models (TEMs). In the FACE model-data synthesis project, 11 TEMs were applied to two decadelong FACE experiments in temperate forests of the southeastern U.S.the evergreen Duke Forest and the deciduous Oak Ridge Forest. In this baseline paper, we demonstrat

The EWSR1 gene in chromosome band 22q12 is a promiscuous fusion partner involved in a vast array of tumors characterized by gene fusions. In this study, we report the finding of a new fusion gene, EWSR1-NFATC1, in a hemangioma of the bone; genetic rearrangements have not previously been described in this tumor type. Chromosome banding analysis showed a t(18;22)(q23;q12) translocation as the sole c

Real-time PCR (qPCR) is the cornerstone of DNA analysis, enabling detection and quantification of minute nucleic acid amounts. However, PCR-based analysis is limited, in part, by the presence of inhibitors in the samples. PCR inhibition has been viewed solely as failure to efficiently generate amplicons, i.e. amplification inhibition. Humic substances (HS) are well known inhibitors of PCR amplific

The European electric power industry has undergone considerable changes over the past two decades as a result of more stringent laws concerning environmental protection along with the deregulation and liberalization of the electric power market. However, the pressure to deliver solutions in regard to the issue of climate change has increased dramatically in the last few years and has given rise to

Approximately 25% of eukaryotic proteins possessing homology to at least two trans membrane domains are predicted to be embedded in biological membranes. Nevertheless, this group of proteins is not usually well represented in proteome-wide experiments due to their refractory nature. Here we present a quantitative mass spectrometry-based comparison of membrane protein expression in cerebellar granu

Life-threatening intracardiac and great vessels thrombi are rare in neonates. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rTPA) is used in adults to stimulate fibrinolysis and facilitate thrombus resolution. Its use in neonates, along with heparin, remains controversial because of potential risk of serious bleeding. We aim to present our experience with the use of thrombolytic agents in seven neonat

The overall objective of this study is to examine how the institutional context of food safety affects and is affected by concerns for legitimacy and reputation. The paper employs a neo-institutional approach to analyzing the institutional field of food safety in a case study of a multinational food service provider where a tension between conflicting institutional logics implied a reputational ch

Only few studies exist regarding the risk of a teratogenic effect of tramadol when used in early pregnancy. Using the Swedish Medical Birth Register, women (deliveries in 1997-2013) who had reported the use of tramadol in early pregnancy were identified. Maternal characteristics and concomitant drug use were analyzed. Among 1 682 846 women (1 797 678 infants), 1751 (1776 infants) had used tramadol

Inclusive J/psi production has been studied with the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at the nucleon-nucleon center of mass energy = 5.02 TeV at the CERN LHC. The measurement is performed in the center of mass rapidity domains 2.03 < y (cms) < 3.53 and -4.46 < y (cms) < -2.96, down to zero transverse momentum, studying the mu (+) mu (-) decay mode. In this paper, the J/psi production cross sectio

Experimental studies have suggested possible protective effects of dimethylglycine (DMG) on glucose metabolism. DMG is degraded to glycine through a DMG-dehydrogenase (DMGDH)-catalyzed reaction and this is the only known pathway for the breakdown of DMG in mammals. In this study we aimed to identify the strongest genetic determinant of circulating DMG concentration and to investigate its associati

The mixing height (MH) is a crucial parameter in commonly used transport models that proportionally affects air concentrations of trace gases with sources/sinks near the ground and on diurnal scales. Past synthetic data experiments indicated the possibility to improve tracer transport by minimizing errors of simulated MHs. In this paper we evaluate a method to constrain the Lagrangian particle dis