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Isozyme markers and morphological characters were studied in four populations of Sphagnum capillifolium and S. quinquefarium. Recombinant plants were found in three populations, where the two species occur sympatrically. All recombinants possessed different haplotypes and combinations of morphological characters, which show that they are results of independent hybridization events. Strongly male-b

We propose a traffic model based on microscopic stochastic dynamics. We built a Markov chain equipped with an Arrhenius interaction law. The resulting stochastic process is comprised of both spin-flip and spin-exchange dynamics which models vehicles exiting, entering and interacting in a two-dimensional lattice environment corresponding to a multi-lane highway. The process is further equipped with

Many explanations have been provided for variations of the spatial distribution and thickness of till sheets. This paper gives new insight into the architecture of a stratigraphically distinct till sheet as a function of the type of substratum and preadvance topography at a scale of similar to 10 km. This emphasises the sensitivity of the subglacial system to changes in the basal drainage conditio

Conventional Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating using the equivalent dose distributions of 8 mm aliquots have been extended to key stratigraphical sites in southernmost Sweden and the island of Bornholm. The objective has been to bridge the lack of an independent chronology, which might catalyze a new understanding of the ice flow patterns related to the initiation of the Last Glacial

Since the late 1970s the central government of China has initiated several ecological environmental protection projects. The most significant of these has been the tui geng huan lin (returning cultivated land to forest and pasture) project in operation since the late 1990s. China's northwest region is characterized by lack of water resources, yet such resources are of vital importance. There is sc

A tissue proteomics process is presented where hepatocyte cell isolation in combination with two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometric identification were used to annotate the liver proteome. Laser microdissection of 8 m liver tissue sections was performed and protein expression profiling was compared using a variety of quantities of input cells, and gel separation condition

In this paper ethical implications of parental participation in paediatric care are discussed. The paper is based on interviews with 20 parents, whose children were admitted and operated on at a paediatric surgery department in Sweden. In one part of the interview the parent was invited to speak about situations experienced as problematic during the hospitalization. Three different types of situat

BACKGROUND: Occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) demands prompt recognition and diagnosis. No accurate diagnostic method is available. The aim of this study was to determine whether the fibrinolytic marker D-dimer is a useful early marker of acute bowel ischaemia. METHODS: Fourteen patients suspected of having acute bowel ischaemia were analysed for an increase in plasma D-dimer level

Since emf measurements with amalgam electrodes have been used, in most studies of the stabilities of complexes between soft metal acceptors and halide ions a series of investigations of the kinetics of electrode reactions were accomplished with halide systems of metal ions in the Groups 11 and 12 in aqueous and/or DMSO solutions. The aim was to establish which complexes contribute to the exchange

We characterize and control the harmonic emission in the spectral and spatial domains in order to define in which conditions the harmonic radiation can be a high-quality seed for soft x-ray and x-ray free-electron lasers. The length of the gas cell, where harmonics are generated, was optimized and the energy per pulse was determined in absolute value with a calibrated x-ray photodiode. The beam sp

A brief period of rapidly recurring hippocampal seizures can lead to the progressive development of a permanent increase of seizure susceptibility over several weeks, so-called 'delayed kindling'. We have analyzed seizure parameters critical for the induction of delayed kindling in two strains of rats characterized by fast and slow rates of traditional kindling, respectively. Forty seizures were p

Objective: Environmental and genetic factors influence thyrotoxicosis, but how population migration affects the disease panorama is not known. fit an urban area in southern Sweden, during the years 1990 until 2003, the population increased from 232 000 to 267 000. In parallel, the proportion of inhabitants born outside Sweden increased. The aim was to investigate whether the incidence of Graves' t

A simplified interaction potential for protein folding studies at the atomic level is discussed and tested on a set of peptides with; 20 residues each. The test set contains both alpha-helical ( Trp cage, F-s) and beta-sheet ( GB1p, GB1m2, GB1m3, Betanova, LLM) peptides. The model, which is entirely sequence-based, is able to fold these different peptides for one and the same choice of model param

1. We examined the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of zooplankton in lake surface waters during the spring of 3 years in Lake Washington, U.S.A., a large lake with a high production of sockeye salmon fry. 2. We show large within-season and among-year variation in the horizontal distribution of temperature, chlorophyll a concentration, and zooplankton in the lake. The main pattern, a delay in zo

The understanding of post-Fordist societies as learning economies, in which learning organizations such as learning firms and learning regions play a strategic role, has lately received some criticism. The critique has partly pointed at the structural limits to learning in a capitalist global economy, and partly argued that firms in capitalist societies have always been learning, referring especia

Background/Aims: Clinical short-term trails have shown positive effects of donepezil treatment in patients with Alzheimer's disease. The outcome of continuous long-term treatment in the routine clinical settings remains to be investigated. Methods: The Swedish Alzheimer Treatment Study (SATS) is a descriptive, prospective, longitudinal, multicentre study. Four hundred and thirty-five outpatients w