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Anaerobic degradation of a semi-solid waste with a total solids content of 4% particulate matter, much of it insoluble, was investigated in four laboratory-scale reactors. Two of the reactors were equipped with different textile materials for immobilisation of microorganisms, while the other two were used as continuously-stirred-tank reactor references, A constant organic loading rate and hydrauli

Two new for science lichen species from the family Teloschistaceae (namely Caloplaca karadagensis Khodosovtsev & S. Kondr. and Caloplaca geleverjae Khodosovtsev & S. Kondr.) are described.

Lactobacillus isolates from healthy Estonian and Swedish children were characterised by a lectin typing technique; 56 isolates from six species (L. acidophilus, L. paracasei, L. plantarum, L. fermentum, L. brevis and L. buchneri) were tested. The typing system was based on an agglutination assay with a panel of six commercially available lectins, which,were chosen on the basis of their carbohydrat

Study objectives: In 1996, researchers in Sweden initiated a collaborative randomized study comparing lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) and physical training with physical training alone. The primary end point was health status; secondary end points included survival and physiologic measurements. Design: After an initial 6-week physical training program, researchers' patients were randomized to

A box-tree is a bounding-volume hierarchy that uses axis-aligned boxes as bounding volumes. The query complexity of a box-tree with respect to a given type of query is the maximum number of nodes visited when answering such a query. We describe several new algorithms for constructing box-trees with small worst-case query complexity with respect to queries with axis-parallel boxes and with points.

BACKGROUND: To study the relationship between different types of acidemia in umbilical artery blood at birth, fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns during labor, and infant long-term outcome. METHODS: Case-control study of 48 infants with pure high base deficit (base deficit (BD) > or = 12 mmol/L and pCO2 < 8.0 kPa), 51 with mixed acidemia (BD > or = 12 mmol/L and pCO2 > or = 8.0 kPa), born at or after

Heparan sulfate chains have been found to be associated with amyloid deposits in a number of diseases including transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Diverse lines of evidence have linked proteoglycans and their glycosaminoglycan chains, and especially heparan sulfate, to the metabolism of the prion protein isoforms. Glypicans are a family of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored, heparan sul

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is an immunologically important cluster of highly variable genes that is known to affect fitness in domesticated mammals and birds. Spur length of male pheasants in southern Sweden correlates with male viability, female mate choice, and offspring survival rate. Here we show by genetic analyses that the MHC genotype is associated with variation in both mal

A method based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for the characterization of static mixers using the Z factor, helicity and the rate of striation thinning is presented. These measures were found to be well-suited for the characterization of static mixers as they reflect the pressure drop, the formation of secondary flow, i.e. vortices, and their effect on the mixing process. Two commercial sta

The extraction of red pigment and conductive matters from individual red beet tissue slices following pulsed electric field pretreatment of different durations was compared with a two dimensional bimodal Fickian diffusion model. The process appeared to be governed by two apparent diffusion coefficients, one slow and one fast. The values of these coefficients were independent of the duration of tre

The effects of a single course of antenatal betamethasone on S100B protein concentration were investigated in Fisher 344 rats. On day 20 of gestation, pregnant rats were injected twice 8 h apart with either (1) 170 mu g kg(-1) body weight betamethasone ("clinically-equivalent dose", equivalent to 12 mg twice, 24 h apart in humans), (2) half of this dose (equivalent to 6 mg) or (3) vehicle. We repo

Numerous polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods have been developed and used increasingly to screen vertebrate blood samples for the diagnosis of haemosporidian blood parasites (Sporozoa, Haemosporida), but a rigorous evaluation of the sensitivity of these methods for detecting mixed infections of different haemosporidian species belonging to the same and different genera and subgenera is l

This was the first international article on brand orientation. Brand orientation is defined and related to other orientation. The article is also an early fore runner within the field of corporate branding. The relation between product brands and corporate brands is discussed with the Nicorette / Pharmacia case study.

The four largest Swedish lakes, Vanern, Vattern, Malaren, Hjalmaren, host important commercial fisheries for char, salmon, trout, whitefish, vendace (cisco), perch, pike-perch, pike and eel, i.e. highly diverse biological resources. Case studies illustrate physical, chemical and biological impacts on some of these commercial species caused by constructions of dams and ship canals, eutrophication,

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke, many hypertensive persons remain healthy. The aim of the present study was to analyze whether adaptation in a stressful situation was associated with the incidence of stroke in hypertensive men. METHODS: Two hundred thirty-eight hypertensive men were followed from baseline in 1982/1983 until first stroke, death, or De