In order to calculate building energy usage, apart from the technical characteristics, user related factors needs to be determined. Unless the user related factors are determined by specific project, the idea is to apply a standardized list of input data for a normal operation during a normal year, so the calculated energy value does not depend on variation of these factors. Such list was issued b

BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) has historically produced estimates of causes of injury such as falls but not the resulting types of injuries that occur. The objective of this study was to estimate the global incidence, prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) due to facial fractures and to estimate the leading injurious causes of facial fracture.METHODS: We obtained

Background: CSF concentration of neurogranin has been suggested as a biomarker for synapse dysfunction. Objectives: To investigate CSF neurogranin in parkinsonian disorders compared to controls and Alzheimer's disease and the possible correlations between neurogranin and cognitive and motor impairment. Methods: We included 157 patients with PD, 29 with PD with dementia, 11 with dementia with Lewy

development spectrum between 1990 and 2017 based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 estimates.METHODS: Injury mortality was estimated using the GBD mortality database, corrections for garbage coding and CODEm-the cause of death ensemble modelling tool. Morbidity estimation was based on surveys and inpatient and outpatient data sets for 30 cause-of-injury with 47 nature-of-injury categories

Astronomical spectroscopy has recently expanded into the near-infrared (nIR) wavelength region, raising the demands on atomic transition data. The interpretation of the observed spectra largely relies on theoretical results, and progress towards the production of accurate theoretical data must continuously be made. Spectrum calculations that target multiple atomic states at the same time are by no

Background: Anxiety and depressive disorders are associated with problems with everyday occupations, including difficulties achieving occupational balance. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to describe occupational balance in people suffering from anxiety and/or depression and the factors that are associated with better self-rated occupational balance. Material: One hundred and eighteen pa

Coherent radiation from a relativistic electron beam is a valuable way to overcome the present limitations of conventional lasers and synchrotron radiation light sources. The typical scheme has electrons, directly from a linac, in a single-pass interaction with a laser pulse in the presence of a static undulator magnetic field. We demonstrate that a storage-ring free-electron laser can also achiev

We present an experimental characterization of the process of coherent harmonic generation in single-pass free electron lasers. The harmonic radiation is obtained by seeding the electron beam stored in the Elettra storage ring with a Ti:sapphire laser. Different methods for generating harmonics are compared between them, and a detailed characterization of the emitted light is performed for differe

We demonstrate for the first time that seeded harmonic generation on electron storage rings can produce coherent optical pulses in the vacuum ultraviolet spectral range. The experiment is performed at Elettra, where coherent pulses are generated at 132nm, with a duration of about 100fs. The light source has a repetition rate of 1kHz and adjustable polarization; it is very bright, with a peak power

Taking advantage of the storage ring free electron laser beamline at Elettra, we have implemented an experimental setup for the generation of sub-picosecond (ps) coherent optical pulses in the VUV range. The setup is based on the frequency up-conversion of a high-power external signal (provided by a Ti:Sapphire laser) and makes use of a relativistic electron bunch as resonating medium. The produce

The Free-electron-laser at Hamburg (FLASH) operates in the Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission (SASE) mode, delivering to users photons in the XUV wavelength range. The FEL seeding schemes promise to improve the properties of the generated radiation in terms of stability in intensity and time. Such an experiment using higher harmonics of an optical laser as a seed is currently under construction a

The free-electron laser facility FLASH at DESY (Hamburg) was upgraded during a five month shutdown in winter 2009 [1]. Part of this upgrade was the installation of a direct seeding experiment in the XUV spectral range. Beside all components for transport and diagnostics of the photon beam in and out of the accelerator environment, a new 10 m long variable gap undulator was installed upstream of th

Recently, the Free electron LASer in Hamburg (FLASH) at DESY has been upgraded considerably [1]. Besides increasing the maximum energy to about 1.2 GeV and installation of a third-harmonic rf cavity linearizing the longitudinal phase space distribution of the electron bunch, an FEL seeding experiment at wavelengths of about 35 nm has been installed. The goal is to establish direct FEL seeding empl

The sFLASH-experiment has been built at the Free-Electron Laser in Hamburg (FLASH) to study the high-gain-FEL amplification of a laser seed from a high harmonic generation (HHG) source. Ideally, the HHG-seed can be amplified up to a GW-power level, improving both the shot-to-shot stability and the longitudinal coherence of the FEL-pulse. In 2010/2011 the sFLASH-components and sub-systems have been

The sFLASH-experiment has been built at the Free- Electron Laser in Hamburg (FLASH) to study the highgain- FEL amplification of a laser seed from a high harmonic generation (HHG) source. Ideally, the HHG seed can be amplified up to a GW-power level, improving both the shot-to-shot stability and the longitudinal coherence of the FEL-pulse. In 2010/2011 the sFLASH-components and sub-systems have bee

The shear plate dowel joint (SPDJ) is a novel connection design for heavy timber structures. The connection uses a single large diameter dowel and glued-on steel plates to transfer loads between members. Consequently, the design of the dowel is of great influence for the global performance of the connection. This paper presents an experimental and numerical investigation of the influence of the ge

The large stocks of soil organic carbon (SOC) in soils and deposits of the northern permafrost region are sensitive to global warming and permafrost thawing. The potential release of this carbon (C) as greenhouse gases to the atmosphere does not only depend on the total quantity of soil organic matter (SOM) affected by warming and thawing, but it also depends on its lability (i.e., the rate at whi

Octopus vulgaris, well-known from temperate waters of the Mediterranean Sea and a well-cited model species among the cephalopods, has large eyes with which it scans its environment actively and which allow the organism to discriminate objects easily. On cursory examination, the single-chambered eyes of octopus with their spherical lenses resemble vertebrate eyes. However there are also apparent di