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This paper looks at trust as an object of historical analysis in micro-credit exchanges at the village level before the advent of capitalism. Based on the examination of loans recorded by the notary over the course of the eighteenth century, this paper seeks to shed light not only on the mechanisms of norms of cooperation and trust but also, and more importantly, on the paradigm of trust over time
This chapter describes the architecture of a middleware layer between low-level sensing devices and higher level software layers, to support the requirements of a software infrastructure for networked enterprises. The development of such middleware layer is an important problem, as demonstrated by the number or research papers and the variety of approaches that can be found in literature. The main
Background Achievement of global health goals will require assessment of progress not only nationally but also for population subgroups. We aimed to assess how the magnitude of socioeconomic inequalities in health changes in relation to different rates of national progress in coverage of interventions for the health of mothers and children. Methods We assessed coverage in low-income and middle-inc
Motivated by the previously documented discrepancy between actual and predicted power, the present paper provides new tools for analyzing the local asymptotic power of panel unit root tests. These tools are appropriate in general when considering panel data with a dominant autoregressive root of the form ρi = 1 + ciN−κT−τ, where i = 1, ..., N indexes the cross-sectional units, T is the number of t
Objective: Since it is difficult to identify women at increased risk of fetal brachial plexus birth palsy (BPBP) during labor and delivery, we aimed to construct and validate a risk score. Methods: A retrospective case-control study was undertaken in 2001 and 2006 in an urban context in Malmo, Sweden. A risk score was constructed for all women who had received routine municipal maternal health car
To develop a whole joint scoring system, the Anterior Cruciate Ligament OsteoArthritis Score (ACLOAS), for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based assessment of acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and follow-up of structural sequelae, and to assess its reliability.
Streptococcus spp. are important causes of infective endocarditis but challenging in species identification. This study compared identification based on sequence determination of the rnpB gene with 2 systems of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry, MALDI Biotyper (Bruker) and VITEK MS IVD (bioMérieux). Blood culture isolates of viridans streptococci from 63
Abstract in UndeterminedTargeted proteomics via selected reaction monitoring (SRM) is a powerful mass spectrometric technique affording higher dynamic range, increased specificity and lower limits of detection than other shotgun mass spectrometry methods when applied to proteome analyses. However, it involves selective measurement of predetermined analytes, which requires more preparation in the f
Vertebral fractures are often painful and lead to reduced quality of life and disability. We compared the efficacy and safety of balloon kyphoplasty to nonsurgical therapy over 24 months in patients with acute painful fractures. Adults with one to three vertebral fractures were randomized within 3 months from onset of pain to undergo kyphoplasty (n = 149) or nonsurgical therapy (n = 151). Quality
The third, updated electronic version of the world list of cetrarioid lichens (http://esamba.bo.bg.ut.ee/checklist/cetrarioid/home.php) contains more than 570 names representing 149 accepted species. It is based on a FileMaker powered database, allowing users to view data in different sets and to perform searches. The list presents new information about the phylogenetic status of accepted taxa, an
The reaction between N-benzylpropargylamines and acid chlorides at elevated temperatures provides efficient, direct access to a variety of di- and tri-substituted oxazoles. The versatility of this reaction is explored and 21 examples are demonstrated. The usefulness of the methodology is showcased through the short and efficient formal syntheses of medicinally relevant drugs aleglitazar and romaza
Sexual activity online may result in positive experiences for young people, or lead them to engage in risky behaviours possibly resulting in sexual assault or abuse. The aim of our study was to investigate associations between online sexual behaviours among Swedish youth and background factors as well as aspects of wellbeing. The behaviours investigated were: having sex online with a contact met o
Background: The aim was to investigate whether the effects of major risk factors for ischemic stroke were modified by long-term exposure to air pollution in Scania, southern Sweden. Methods: Cases were defined as first-ever ischemic strokes in patients born between 1923 and 1965 during 2001-2006 (n = 7,244). Data were collected from The Swedish National Stroke Register (Riks-stroke) and the Malmo
Elucidation of the cell cycle of dinoflagellates is essential to understand the processes leading to their massive proliferations, known as harmful algal blooms. In this study, we used imaging flow cytometry (IFC) to monitor the changes in DNA content and nuclear and cell morphology that occur during clonal growth of the toxic species Alexandrium minutum Halim. Our results indicate that the popula
Adult neurogenesis is impaired in the hippocampus of transgenic R6 mouse models of Huntington's disease (HD). The phenotypes of R6 transgenic mice mimic several symptoms and signs of the disease (Li et al., 2005). They exhibit neurological and endocrine changes resembling some symptoms seen in humans. The reduction in neurogenesis is only apparent in the dentate gyrus as the number of newborn neur
Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified common variants in genes associated with variation in bone mineral density (BMD), although most have been carried out in combined samples of older women and men. Meta-analyses of these results have identified numerous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of modest effect at genome-wide significance levels in genes involved in both b
Whereas no studies have previously been carried out on the delta C-13 chemostratigraphy of the Sandbian-Katian (Upper Ordovician) succession anywhere in Norway, such investigations in Sweden and the East Baltic region have made the delta C-13 chemostratigraphy of that interval well known. 1 an attempt to document for the first time the presence of the globally distributed and stratigraphically imp
A palaeomagnetic, geochronologic and geochemical study of basic dykes in the Ukrainian Shield has been undertaken with the purpose of testing a hypothesis for timing of accretion of the Ukrainian Shield with Fennoscandia. On the basis of geological data it has been suggested that the two shields amalgamated at ca. 1900-1800 Ma. With this study of 11 basic dykes the palaeomagnetic database for the
Deoxygenation is a global problem in coastal and open regions of the ocean, and has led to expanding areas of oxygen minimum zones and coastal hypoxia. The recent expansion of hypoxia in coastal ecosystems has been primarily attributed to global warming and enhanced nutrient input from land and atmosphere. The largest anthropogenically induced hypoxic area in the world is the Baltic Sea, where the
