Pilot Contamination and Mitigation Techniques in Massive MIMO Systems
A multi-antenna base station (BS) can spatially multiplex a few terminals over the same bandwidth, a technique known as multi-user, multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO). A new idea in cellular MU-MIMO is the use of a large excess of BS antennas to serve several single-antenna terminals simultaneously. This so-called "massive MIMO" promises attractive gains in spectral efficiency with