The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has been studied in a multitude of mammals by now, but much less is known about its organisation and variation in other vertebrate species. The mammalian MHC is organised as a single gene cluster, but recent studies on birds suggest that this paradigm of MHC organisation has to be supplemented. The domestic chicken thus possesses two separate gene cluster

Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingen studerar den svenska jordbruksomvandlingen under 1800-talet. Syftet är dels att analysera böndernas roll i jordbruksomvandlingen, dels att identifiera de egenskaper som de ledande bönderna, de agrara entreprenörerna, hade. Detta görs genom att studera ansökningar om skifte och kreditmarknadens utnyttjande i tre skånska socknar, Brösarp, Saxtorp och V. KarabThis study deals with the agricultural transformation in 19th century Sweden. The aims are: firstly, to analyse the peasants' role as entrepreneurs in the transformation of agriculture, and secondly, to identify the distinctive characteristics of the agrarian entrepreneurs by studying particular aspects of entrepreneurial dealings during the agricultural transformation in Scania between 1800 and 1

The overall aim of the work presented in this thesis was to evaluate the incidence, outcome and consequences within the 1st year of acute ACL injury of the knee. The KANON-study, a randomized controlled clinical trial comparing surgical and non-surgical treatment after acute ACL injury, was initiated and some results are included in this thesis. 642 subjects with acute knee injury were assessed in

Popular Abstract in Swedish Typ 2 diabetes är en sjukdom där dels bukspottkörtelns förmåga att producera hormonet insulin och dels kroppens förmåga att svara på insulin (insulinkänslighet) är nedsatt. Eftersom insulin behövs för att ta upp socker (glukos) från blodet i organ som muskel och fett, är glukoskoncentrationen i blodet förhöjd hos typ 2 diabetiker. Med hjälp av olika behandlingar såsom dCardiovascular complications are frequent in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular death is the most common cause of death for these individuals. A region on chromosome 19 (19q13) has been indicated by several genome scans as a susceptibility locus for T2D or components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). This gene rich region contains the gene encoding muscle glycogen synthase (GYS1), earlier as

Objectives To determine whether three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound including power Doppler examination of the cervix is useful for predicting time to spontaneous onset of labor or time to delivery in prolonged pregnancy. Methods A prospective study was conducted in 60 women who went into spontaneous labor. All underwent transvaginal 3D power Doppler ultrasound examination of the cervix immediately

In distributed communication networks several nodes interact to carry out services. New telecommunication networks support a variety of services, much different from traditional telephony. Each service has its own so called load profile, which means that the amount of capacity needed to complete a service varies. The services may also have different priorities and quality of service requirements.

We have determined the structure of the homotrimeric dUTPase from Escherichia coli, complexed with an inhibitor and substrate analogue, dUDP. Three molecules of dUDP are found symmetrically bound per trimer, each in a shallow cleft between adjacent subunits, interacting with evolutionary conserved residues. The interactions of the uracil ring and the deoxypentose with the protein are consistent wi

Objectives: To compare the oldest old (85 years and above) in pain with those with no pain across gender, regarding demographic data, living conditions, social network/support, walking/mobility problems, fatigue, sleeping problems, depressed mood and quality of life (QoL). The aim was also to test how these variables were related to QoL among the oldest old in pain. Methods: The study comprised 16

Second or higher order probabilities have commonly been viewed with scepticism by those working within the realm of probability and decision theory. The aim of the present note is to show how the notion of second order probabilities can add to our understanding of judgmental and decision processes and how the traditional framework of Bayesian decision theory can be extended in a fruitful way by ta

The chemistry Of HfI4 adsorbed on the Si(100)-(2x1) surface has been studied by core level photoelectron spectroscopy in ultra-high vacuum. Two stable surface intermediates are identified: HfI3 and HfI2, both of which remain upon heating to 690 K. The dissociation of HfI4 is accompanied by the formation of SiI. In addition, HfI4 is Observed up to 300 K. Complete desorption of iodine occurs in the

OBJECTIVE: N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is a selective and powerful organic solvent. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the NMP metabolite N-methylsuccinimide (MSI) in plasma and urine can be used as a biomarker of exposure to NMP. METHODS: Six healthy subjects were exposed to 10, 25, and 50 mg NMP/m3 in an exposure chamber for 8 h. The air levels were monitored by XAD-7 solid sorben

The orthogonality factor (OF) quantifies the loss of orthogonality between the signals transmitted simultaneously on a wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) downlink due to multipath dispersion. It is one of the fundamental parameters that determines the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio at the output of the Rake receiver and, consequently, it has a significant impact on downlink sy

Purpose: Previous studies have shown that spinal alpha1-adrenoceptors can influence voiding in normal rats and in rats with outlet obstruction. Also, at the supraspinal level such receptors may be involved in voiding control. Therefore, we studied in rats the effects on cystometrography of intracerebroventricular administered alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists. Materials and Methods: Continuous cysto

We evaluated the incidence and clinical significance of postfracture shortening of the clavicle in 85 patients. There were 71 mid-clavicular fractures and 14 of the lateral end of the clavicle. 46 fractures were primarily undisplaced and 39 displaced. All fractures were nonoperatively treated with sling immobilization. All patients were reexamined 5 years after the fracture. 35 clavicles had heale

The purpose of this article is to outline the basic properties of the gender system in Swedish. I argue that there are two gender dimensions: one grammatical and one semantic. The two systems are independent of each other, but they interact. Crucially, the pronouns den (it.common) and det (it.neuter) can be used both as grammatical and semantic pronouns. The locus of semantic pronouns (as well as

This paper describes the philosophy behind our lighting of the RoboCup«99 games in Stockholm 1999. It also gives relevant background in the theory of light, lighting and colour in order to motivate our design. It is our hope that it will be a valuable source of information for future RoboCup game organisers.