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How palatable food disrupts appetite regulation.

Appetite regulation is part of a feedback system that controls the energy balance, involving a complex interplay of hunger and satiety signals, produced in the hypothalamus as well as in peripheral organs. Hunger signals may be generated in peripheral organs (e.g. ghrelin) but most of them are expressed in the hypothalamus (neuropeptide Y, orexins, agouti-related peptide, melanin concentrating hor

Effect of Heat Treatment on Bovine β Lactoglobulin A, B and C. Explored Using Thiol Availability and Fluorescence.

Dilute solutions of -lactoglobulin (-Lg) A, B, and C were heated at temperatures between about 40 and 94 C for 10 min, cooled, and analyzed using Trp fluorescence and extrinsic fluorescence spectra of the probe 1,8-anilinonaphthalene sulfonate (ANS). Thiol availabilities using 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) were determined using a separate set of samples. The normalized ANS fluorescenc

Memory bias for faces that are perceived as hostile by crime victims with acute posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

The present study tested, and found support for, the hypotheses that crime victims with acute post-traumatic stress disorder have: (1) a general memory impairment for faces; and (ii) a memory bias for faces that they perceive as hostile, even when these faces are not arranged to show any hostile face expressions. It is suggested that crime victims with acute post-traumatic stress disorder perform

Off-resonance rotating-frame amide proton spin relaxation experiments measuring microsecond chemical exchange in proteins

NMR spin relaxation in the rotating frame (R-1 rho) is a unique method for atomic-resolution characterization of conformational ( chemical) exchange processes occurring on the microsecond time scale. Here, we use amide H-1 off-resonance R-1 rho relaxation experiments to determine exchange parameters for processes that are significantly faster than those that can be probed using N-15 or C-13 relaxa

Segmentation-based detection of allelic imbalance and loss-of-heterozygosity in cancer cells using whole genome SNP arrays

We present a strategy for detection of loss-of-heterozygosity and allelic imbalance in cancer cells from whole genome single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping data. Using a dilution series of a tumor cell line mixed with its paired normal cell line and data generated on Affymetrix and Illumina platforms, including paired tumor-normal samples and tumors characterized by fluorescent in situ hybridi

Oxygen modulates contractile responses to potassium and prostaglandin F2 alpha in human pial arteries

Oxygen may modulate cerebrovascular resistance, but its direct influence on human pial arteries is unknown. We have investigated the effects of varying oxygen tension (73, 30 and 8 kPa) in depolarized (potassium) and receptor stimulated (prostaglandin F2 alpha) isolated human pial arteries. Control responses were obtained at an oxygen tension of 30 kPa. Contractions induced by prostaglandin F2 alp

IAP antagonists induce autoubiquitination of c-IAPs, NF-kappaB activation, and TNFalpha-dependent apoptosis

Inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins are antiapoptotic regulators that block cell death in response to diverse stimuli. They are expressed at elevated levels in human malignancies and are attractive targets for the development of novel cancer therapeutics. Herein, we demonstrate that small-molecule IAP antagonists bind to select baculovirus IAP repeat (BIR) domains resulting in dramatic induction

Dosage considerations in patch testing with liquid allergens

This study examines reproducibility of water and ethanol drop volumes from plastic squeeze dropper bottles, examines the difference in drop volumes between commonly used liquid patch test solutions, and evaluates the volumes of water and ethanol needed to saturate Finn and IQ Chamber filter papers. 2 plastic squeeze dropper bottles recommended for use in patch testing have poor reproducibility com

Control of structure and photophysical properties by protonation and subsequent intramolecular hydrogen bonding

Protonation and subsequent intramolecular hydrogen bonding as methods to control chain structure and tune luminescence in heteroatomic conjugated polymers were reported experimentally [A. P. Monkman , J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124, 6049 (2002)]. In this paper, the structure and photophysical properties of the model teraryl compound of phenylene-pyridylene copolymer before and after protonation are theoret

Effective Charges in the fp Shell

Following the heavy-ion fusion-evaporation reaction S-32+Mg-24 at 95 MeV beam energy the lifetimes of analogue states in the T-z=+/-1/2 A=51 mirror nuclei Fe-51 and Mn-51 have been measured using the Cologne plunger device coupled to the GASP gamma-ray spectrometer. The deduced B(E2;27/2(-)-->23/2(-)) values afford a unique opportunity to probe isoscalar and isovector polarization charges and to d

Complete ascertainment of Parkinson disease in the Swedish Twin Registry

This report describes the ascertainment of Parkinson disease (PD) in all individuals aged 50 years or older (49,814 individuals) from the Swedish Twin Registry. In phase one of the study, all twins were screened for PD using telephone interviews, with a response rate of 72.7%. In phase two, twins with suspected PD were re-contacted to exclude anyone from follow-up who reported parkinsonian symptom

On future non-medical costs in economic evaluations

Economic evaluation in health care is still an evolving discipline. One of the current controversies in cost-effectiveness analysis regards the inclusion or exclusion of future non-medical costs (i.e. consumption net of production) due to increased survival. This paper examines the implications of a symmetry rule stating that there should be consistency between costs included in the numerator and

Consistent and contrasting decadal Arctic sea ice thickness predictions from a highly optimized sea ice model

Decadal hindcast simulations of Arctic Ocean sea ice thickness made by a modern dynamic-thermodynamic sea ice model and forced independently by both the ERA-40 and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data sets are compared for the first time. Using comprehensive data sets of observations made between 1979 and 2001 of sea ice thickness, draft, extent, and speeds, we find that it is possible to tune model paramete

Cosmogenic Be-10-ages from the Store Koldewey island, NE Greenland

Earlier work in northeast Greenland has suggested a limited advance of the Greenland Ice Sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). However, this concept has recently been challenged by marine geological studies, indicating grounded ice on the continental shelf at this time. New Be-10-ages from the Store Koldewey island, northeast Greenland, suggest that unscoured mountain plateaus at the outer

Improving the rainbow attack by reusing colours

Hashing or encrypting a key or a password is a vital part in most network security protocols. The most practical generic attack on such schemes is a time memory trade-off attack. Such an attack inverts any one-way function using a trade-off between memory and execution time. Existing techniques include the Hellman attack and the rainbow attack, where the latter uses different reduction functions (