Drinking water is delivered from the treatment plant to the consumer through kilometres of pipes. Lining these pipes are communities of bacteria living as biofilms. Little is known about the microbial ecology of these biofilms, as access to drinking water pipes for sampling is often limited to pipes sporadically removed for repair or replacement. Bacteria are constantly exchanged between the biofi

(S)-Hydroxynitrile lyases from Hevea brasiliensis, Manihot esculenta, and Sorghum bicolor and (R)-hydroxynitrile lyase from Prunus amygdalus have been used as biocatalyst for the enantiospecific addition of hydrogen cyanide to aldehydes in organic solvents. The effects of the reaction parameters on the enzymatic reaction rate and product enantiomeric excess (e.e.) are presented. The reaction rate

Governments in countries across the world increasingly adopt the “green growth” discourse to underline their ambition for the greening of their economies. The central tenet of this narrative is the economic opportunities rather than challenges arising from the pursuit of environmental sustainability. Our paper synthesises insights from 113 recent scientific articles, dealing with both environmenta

This monograph presents a working description of a special class of acoustical outputs, termed extra-complex sonorities that are the result of desynchronizing robust parameters involved in the production of sound within scaled and multidimensional networks by instruments and voices. The purpose of such a description is to provide a framework for understanding the mechanical and perceptual aspects

In 2007, Brandforsk – the Swedish Fire Research Board – initiated a research program to provide an overview of research needs coupled to ”arson” in Sweden. A total of six different Swedish universities and research institutes were involved in different projects in the research program. These projects involved both technical aspects fire detection and fire compartmentation as well as sociological i

Here we investigated the impact of WNT5A signaling on aerobic glycolysis and evaluated its effects on breast cancer cell migration/invasion. WNT5A signaling reduced migration and lactate production and caused selective down-regulation of the glycolytic enzyme phosphofructokinase platelet-type (PFKP). These events occurred in parallel with a WNT5A-induced inhibition of β-catenin signaling. Support

Before replication becomes mainstream, the potential for generating theoretical knowledge better be clear. Replicating statistically significant nonrandom data shows that an original study made a discovery; replicating a specified theoretical effect shows that an original study corroborated a theory. Yet only in the latter case is replication a necessary, sound, and worthwhile strategy.

The transglucosylation reaction catalyzed by wild-type β-glucosidase CelB from hyperthermophilic Pyrococcus furiosus and active site mutants (M424K, F426Y, M424K/F426Y) was studied. The conversion of pentyl-β-glucoside to hexyl-β-glucoside in hexanol was used as a model transglucosylation reaction. Hydrolysis to glucose was a side reaction. The activity (rates of hydrolysis and transglucosylation)

The selectivity of preparations of α-chymotrypsin immobilized on Celite or polyamide and carrying out syntheses of di- and tripeptides in acetonitrile medium were studied. The study concerns the effect of mass- transfer limitations on three different kinds of selectivity: acyl donor, stereo- and nucleophile selectivities, defined respectively as the ratio of initial rates with different acyl donor

The hydrolysis and transphosphatidylation of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), with a partially purified preparation of phospholipase D (PL D) from Savoy cabbage, was investigated. These reactions were about 20 times slower than the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) in a micellar system. For the transfer reaction, 2 M glycerol was included in the media, which suppressed the hydrolytic reaction.

The stereoselective reduction of 2-pentanone by alcohol dehydrogenase from Thermoanaerobium brockii was studied at controlled water activity and at different reaction temperatures. The reaction rate increased when water activity was increased from 0.32 to 0.96 and when raising the temperature from 5°C to 40°C. The enantioselectivity, E, reached a plateau value at high water activities. The enantio

A soluble NAD-dependent hydrogenase contained in Alcaligenes eutrophus was evaluated as a coenzyme regenerating catalyst in an organic-aqueous two- phase (predominantly organic) system. The horse-liver alcohol-dehydrogenase (HLADH) catalyzed reduction of cyclohexanone to cyclohexanol was used as a model reaction. The impact of different solvents (selected to span a large variety of principal prope