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Aluminum (Al), as a carbon-free energy source, features favorable characteristics regarding its production, transportation, utilization, and recyclability. The combustion of single Al particles mainly occurs as a vapor-phase diffusion flame, wherein the gas-phase combustion kinetics plays an important role. However, the understanding of the kinetics is still limited and rate constants for the same
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Tau accumulation pattern shows substantial variability in Alzheimer disease (AD), and 4 distinct spatiotemporal trajectories were distinguished using a data-driven approach called the Subtype and Stage Inference (SuStaIn). A visual method to validate and identify these subtypes is a requirement for their clinical translation. Our study aimed to provide a standardized top
Introduction: Assessing suicide risk in clinical settings is challenging, as conventional self-report scales have limited predictive validity. The Death Implicit Association Test (D-IAT) was developed to explore implicit associations related to death and the self-concept. However, it omits the emotional association with death that may be crucial in suicide risk assessment. This cross-sectional stu
We propose data-driven surrogate models to solve systems of time-dependent differential equations coupled with noise. Using a feedforward neural network, we separately learn the noise and solution, tackling approximations across regimes with bifurcations and rare events. Focusing on irregular data generated by a stochastic noise model on a one-dimensional spatial lattice coupled to a differential
Background: There is an increasing incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) survivors living with treatment-related head and neck lymphedema (HNL). This study aimed to determine (i) the prevalence of external HNL, (ii) changes in HNL over a nine-month period post-treatment, and (iii) factors associated with HNL among patients with OPSCC treated with (chemo)radiotherapy. Methods a
Three-dimensional (3D) cultures of primary human hepatocytes (3D PHH) are successfully used to reduce and replace the use of animal experiments in biomedical research. Yet, the initial formation of 3D PHH is highly dependent on the supplementation with FBS. However, the molecular composition of FBS and its effects on cultured cells are poorly understood. Moreover, FBS is prone to batch-to-batch va
Polyploidy is an important driver of the evolution and diversification of flowering plants. Several studies have shown that established polyploids differ from diploids in floral morphological traits and that polyploidization directly affects these traits. However, for floral scent, which is key to many plant-pollinator interactions, only a few studies have quantified differences between establishe
Based on previous work, we extend a primal-dual semi-smooth Newton method for minimizing a general L^1-L^2-TV functional over the space of functions of bounded variations by adaptivity in a finite element setting. For automatically generating an adaptive grid, we introduce indicators based on a-posteriori error estimates. Further, we discuss data interpolation methods on unstructured grids in the
We consider waveform iterations for dynamical coupled problems, or more specifically, PDEs that interact through a lower-dimensional interface. We want to allow for the reuse of existing codes for the subproblems, called a partitioned approach. To improve computational efficiency, different and adaptive time steps in the subsolvers are advisable. Using so-called waveform iterations in combination
Purpose: Ovarian cancer ranks as a gynecological malignancy with poor prognosis, specifically if detected late. Primary treatment includes cytoreductive surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy with curative intent. Local anesthetics (LA) administered in the perioperative period may potentially impact patient outcome by several mechanisms. The beneficial impact of LA has been attributed, among other fact
Climate litigation is growing and increasingly targets corporate actors. Scientific evidence is crucial in climate court cases, for instance to determine plaintiffs’ standing to sue or the attribution of climate impacts to the defendants’ actions. However, it remains unknown how scientific expertise influences court decisions, what forms of expertise are used, how evidence is contested, and how ju
OBJECTIVE: Linear radiological measures have low sensitivity to detect changes in ventricular volume in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Ventricular volumetry is accurate and sensitive in detecting subtle changes in cerebrospinal fluid volumes. The Codman Certas® Plus is an adjustable shunt valve with 8 settings and resistant to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-induced inadv
Background: The international multi-center randomized controlled STEPCARE-trial will investigate optimal management of sedation, temperature, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) during intensive care in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients due to various etiologies. The primary outcome is mortality at 6 months. This protocol describes an extended follow-up sub-study of the STEPCARE-trial wi
Background: Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a developmental cortical malformation and a leading cause of drug-resistant epilepsy that often requires epilepsy surgery. Some FCD patients experience acute postoperative seizures (APOS) following surgery. The relationship between APOS and long-term prognosis for patients with FCD is at present unclear. The primary aim of this study was to analyze the
Odor recognition memory (ORM) combines olfaction and episodic memory, both linked to dementia and impaired in Parkinson's Disease (PD). Measuring ORM may indicate early PD dementia and aid in selecting device-aided Parkinson therapy. This study investigates ORM capacity and hippocampal dynamic functional connectivity in PD. Thirty-one PD participants and 31 healthy controls (HC) underwent function
Background: Multiple clinical practice guidelines and head computed tomography decision rules exist for emergency department (ED) triage of children with traumatic brain injury (TBI). These vary in structure, aim, target cohort, and outcomes, yet are used clinically in similar populations. We compared important clinical and practical characteristics of all major guidelines in a large, real-world p
Market-based climate policies have received increased attention, making it important to understand how they affect competition in the electricity market. This paper focuses on the green certificate policy which financially supports producers of renewably sourced electricity by means of tradable certificates, and develops a duopoly model that incorporates both the electricity and the green certific
The European Association of Urology (EAU) 2021 prognostic model for non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is based on the World Health Organization (WHO) 1973 and/or WHO 2004/2022 grading systems for patients who did not receive bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) instillations and is widely used to assess the risk of progression. The estimated risk of progression affects the type of adjuvant intr
