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In this paper, we propose an adaptive finite difference scheme in order to numerically solve total variation type problems for image processing tasks. The automatic generation of the grid relies on indicators derived from a local estimation of the primal-dual gap error. This process leads in general to a non-uniform grid for which we introduce an adjusted finite difference method. Further we quant
Quasi-markets in the provision of public services are increasingly common but also highly contested. We formulate a conceptual framework based on economic theory to describe how quasi-markets differ from traditional markets in five aspects: 1) revenues, costs, and profits; 2) the matching of supply and demand; 3) competition; 4) structural change; and 5) rent-seeking. Using the assumption of profi
Under slutet av 1900-talet var den svenska reformtakten hög vilket gjorde ekonomin konkurrenskraftig och att Sverige klarade finanskrisen 2008–2010 bättre än jämförbara länder. Nu har reformtakten avtagit och den ekonomiska friheten är fallande på flera områden. I en ny rapport från Entreprenörskapsforum konstateras att 2010-talet blev ett i allt väsentligt förlorat decennium med minskad ekonomisk
Understanding the structure of supramolecular complexes provides insight into their functional capabilities and how they can be modulated in the context of disease. Super-resolution microscopy (SRM) excels in performing this task by resolving ultrastructural details at the nanoscale with molecular specificity. However, technical limitations, such as underlabelling, preclude its ability to provide
The maker movement has reached the optics labs, empowering researchers to create and modify microscope designs and imaging accessories. 3D printing has a disruptive impact on the field, improving accessibility to fabrication technologies in additive manufacturing. This approach is particularly useful for rapid, low-cost prototyping, allowing unprecedented levels of productivity and accessibility.
In the vicinity of metallic nanostructures, absorption and emission rates of optical emitters can be modulated by several orders of magnitude1,2. Control of such near-field light-matter interaction is essential for applications in biosensing3, light harvesting4 and quantum communication5,6 and requires precise mapping of optical near-field interactions, for which single-emitter probes are promisin
Interrogating platelets and their densely packed, highly abundant receptor landscape is key to understand platelet clotting, a process that can save lives when stopping blood loss after an injury, but also kill when causing heart attack, stroke, or pulmonary embolism. The underlying key receptor distributions and interactions, in particular the relevance of integrin clustering, are not fully under
Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) aims for maximized precision and a high signal-to-noise ratio1. Both features can be provided by placing the emitter in front of a metal-dielectric nanocoating that acts as a tuned mirror2-4. Here, we demonstrate that a higher photon yield at a lower background on biocompatible metal-dielectric nanocoatings substantially improves SMLM performance and
IMPORTANCE: Weight loss is common in primary care. Among individuals with recent weight loss, the rates of cancer during the subsequent 12 months are unclear compared with those without recent weight loss.OBJECTIVE: To determine the rates of subsequent cancer diagnoses over 12 months among health professionals with weight loss during the prior 2 years compared with those without recent weight loss
Background: Strong sex disparities have been observed among patients with bladder cancer (BCa). FGFR3 is one of the most frequently mutated genes in bladder cancer, and there are inconsistencies in its frequency in male and female patients. Methods: Here, we conducted a meta-analysis comparing the FGFR3 somatic mutation frequency in men and women among 7351 patients with BCa from 18 cohorts. Resul
OBJECTIVES: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal disease that is challenging to detect at an early stage. Biomarkers are needed that can detect PDAC early in the course of disease when interventions lead to the best outcomes. We highlight study design and statistical considerations that inform pancreatic cancer early detection biomarker evaluation.METHODS: We describe experim
IntroductionThe implementation of welfare technologies in Swedish eldercare reflects ongoing sociotechnical transitions, which promise to optimise care practices and administrative processes. AimOur study explores how eldercare personnel interpret and ascribe meanings to welfare technologies in their everyday care work.Material and MethodsThe study draws on an empirical dataset comprising 181 phot
The upstream ends of global supply chains – where raw material extraction or production takes place – are often hotspots for severe sustainability issues such as deforestation, biodiversity loss and human rights violations. Companies are under growing scrutiny from regulators, investors and civil society to ensure upstream-end supply chain sustainability. Yet, companies typically lack visibility b
Serving Aristocracy is the history of social negotiation and mobility in an early modern knowledge community, centred on the aristocratic De la Gardie family and their sphere of manors and estates in seventeenth-century Sweden. Focusing on underprivileged women and men and the knowledge community that shaped their interactions, social negotiations, and mobility, this book documents ordinary people
This thesis consists of three independent research papers. Using both applied econometric methods and theoretical models, they study the functioning of electricity markets, including those for green certificates, and auction markets in the presence of policy and market imperfections. The first paper empirically examines the effect of regulatory uncertainty in quota-based green certificate markets,
We conduct a field experiment studying how financial incentives for achieving specific course grades affect university students, whether effects vary by ability, and whether allowing students to choose their goals improves outcomes. We find that incentives negatively affect performance, particularly among low-ability students assigned high goals. Survey data suggest this negative impact arises fro
As global food systems are currently presenting great challenges to our environment and our health, diverse new (sustainable) foods and possibilities to integrate these into consumers’ everyday diets are extensively studied. Due to industrialized, standardized food production, approaches from disciplines such as sensory science and consumer psychology play an important role in new product developm
