Diversity between metastatic melanoma tumours in individual patients is known; however, the molecular and genetic differences remain unclear. To examine the molecular and genetic differences between metastatic tumours, we performed gene-expression profiling of 63 melanoma tumours obtained from 28 patients (two or three tumours/patient), followed by analysis of their mutational landscape, using tar

This study examines the intergenerational transmission of fertility patterns from mothers who had their first birth at young ages to their daughters using nationally representative longitudinal data from from population registers in Sweden, 1986-2009. It tests several mechanisms, including education, labor market attachment, socio-economic background, and family characteristics, that may intervene

We have calculated band-edge diagrams for spherical core shell nanocrystal quantum dots for all combinations of AlN, GaN, and InN, as well as all combinations of AlP, GaP, AlAs, GaAs, InP, In As, AlSb, GaSb, and LnSb, as a function of core radius, with the outer radius of the shell held fixed. We have calculated the Gamma- and the X-conduction band minima, the valence band maximum, and the effecti

Chiral surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) can be generated by linearly polarized light incident at the end of a nanowire, exciting a coherent superposition of three specific nanowire waveguide modes. Images of chiral SPPs on individual nanowires obtained from quantum dot fluorescence excited by the SPP evanescent field reveal the chirality predicted in our theoretical model. The handedness and spat

We study photoionization of argon atoms close to the 3s(2)3p(6) -> 3s(1)3p(6)4p Fano resonance using an attosecond pulse train and a weak infrared probe field. An interferometric technique combined with tunable attosecond pulses allows us to determine the phase of the photoionization amplitude as a function of photon energy. We interpret the experimental results using an analytical two-photon mode

Carotenoids are known to offer protection against the potentially damaging combination of light and oxygen encountered by purple phototrophic bacteria, but the efficiency of such protection depends on the type of carotenoid. Rhodobacter sphaeroides synthesizes spheroidene as the main carotenoid under anaerobic conditions whereas, in the presence of oxygen, the enzyme spheroidene monooxygenase cata

Among the numerous point vapor sources, microsecond-pulsed spark ablation at atmospheric pressure is a versatile and environmentally friendly method for producing ultrapure inorganic nanoparticles ranging from singlets having sizes smaller than 1 nm to larger agglomerated structures. Due to its fast quenching and extremely high supersaturation, coagulational growth already begins at the atomic sca

We discuss different nonequilibrium mechanisms by which bulk aggregates directly modify, and can even control, the interfacial structure and morphology of an oppositely charged polyelectrolyte/surfactant (P/S) mixture. Samples are categorized at the air/water interface with respect to the dynamic changes in the bulk phase behavior, the bulk composition, and the sample history using complementary s

From our experimental investigation of multiple-antenna performance and user impact of a realistic mobile terminal setup, we find that apart from the important loss of efficiency due to the user hand, the impact on the individual antennna elements and the directional impact of the user body shadowing have quite small influence on the diversity and capacity performance. It is found that the top and

Aims/hypothesis: We studied the decline of C-peptide during the first year after diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes (T1D), and its relation to various factors. Methods: 3824/4017 newly diagnosed patients (95%) were classified as T1D in a national study. In a non-selected subgroup of 1669 T1D patients we determined non-fasting C-peptide both at diagnosis and after 1 year, and analyzed decline in relation

Levels of total and/or oligomeric alpha-synuclein may be used as a biomarker tool to aid in the diagnosis and development of new disease-modifying therapies. We report here on a porous silicon antibody microarray for the fluorimetric determination of cerebrospinal fluid levels of total alpha-synuclein, a protein involved the pathology of Parkinson's disease. The surface of porous silicon has a 3-d

Directional antennas have been used to solve interference and connectivity issues in wireless networks for some time. Many scenarios have been presented and often positive conclusions are drawn, i.e., showing the increase in capacity. However, to date the research has mainly focused on either antenna placement or transmission scheduling but not the two combined. Such consideration will become incr

To assess the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, and tolerability of octreotide subcutaneous (sc) depot, a novel octreotide formulation.

This study uses US survey data and Swedish register data to estimate and compare the relationship between returns to schooling and ability. A significant and positive relationship is found for Sweden, but not for the USA. Based on the predictions of the optimal schooling model it is argues that measured differences in the relationship between returns to schooling and ability could depend upon on d

In STEMI, grade-3 ischemia (G3) on admission ECG predicts larger infarct size (IS) than grade-2 (G2). We evaluated whether pre-hospital G3 and its temporal behavior are associated with IS and salvage after pPCI.

Oncolytic immunotherapy with cytokine armed replication competent viruses is an emerging approach in cancer treatment. In a recent randomized trial an increase in response rate was seen but the effect on overall survival is not known with any virus. To facilitate randomized trials, we performed a case-control study assessing the survival of 270 patients treated in an Advanced Therapy Access Progra