The idea that enzymes catalyze reactions by dynamical coupling between the conformational motions and the chemical coordinates has recently attracted major experimental and theoretical interest. However, experimental studies have not directly established that the conformational motions transfer energy to the chemical coordinate, and simulating enzyme catalysis on the relevant timescales has been i

Many phosphatases make use of metal ions to aid catalysis of phosphate ester hydrolysis. Here, we investigate the impact of metal ions on the potential energy surface (PES), and hence the preferred reaction mechanism, for a simple model for hydrolysis of phosphate ester monoanions. We show that, while both associative (A(N) + D(N)) and dissociative (D(N) + A(N)) mechanisms are represented on the p

The hydrolysis of phosphate esters is crucially important to biological systems, being involved in, among other things, signaling, energy transduction, biosynthesis, and the regulation of protein function. Despite this, there are many questions that remain unanswered in this important field, particularly with regard to the preferred mechanism of hydrolysis of phosphate esters, which can proceed th

Phosphate ester hydrolysis is ubiquitous in biology, playing a central role in energy production, signaling, biosynthesis, and the regulation of protein function among other things. Although the mechanism of action of the enzymes regulating this reaction has been the focus of intensive research in the past few decades, the correct description of this apparently simple reaction remains controversia

What future aspirations have informed the incentives for producing children's literature in Muslim minority communities? What social dynamics and theological debates have accompanied its visions of Islamic futures? What narrative tropes, visual-aesthetics norms and literary genres has it appropriated, while maturing into an innovative religious-pedagogic-literary expression? Probing such questions

This thesis studies the different discourses prevalent in Swedish mass media, regarding climate activist Greta Thunberg and her stance in support for Palestine in the late autumn of 2023. The study is done using the methodology and theoretical framework of critical discourse analysis, CDA, stating that language never is neutral and can be used to exercise power over groups of people. In the case o

The production of biopharmaceuticals is a chemical- and water-intensive process. The consumption of water and chemicals is partly due to the need for many different buffers in large volumes during the downstream process, typically consisting of several chromatography steps. Given the global commitment to the goals for sustainable development and the anticipated growth of the biopharmaceutical mark

Häktning beskrivs ofta som det mest ingripande tvångsmedlet inom den svenska strafflagstiftningen. Att frihetsberöva en människa bör därför göras med stor omsorg, i synnerhet när den misstänkte är under 18 år. Unga lagöverträdare tillerkänns en särbehandling som gör sig märkbar redan vid inledningsstadiet av ett brott. I takt med en allt mer grov och organiserad brottslig-het blir häktning ett effDetention is often described as the most intrusive coercive measure within the Swedish criminal legislation. Therefore, the deprivation of liberty should be carried out with great care, especially when the suspect is under 18 years of age. Young offenders are treated differently, which becomes apparent already at the initial stage of an offense. As crimes become increasingly more serious and organ

Den svenska regeringen presenterade år 2023 en strategi för hur vi ska ställa om till en cirkulär ekonomi. Samtidigt har ett antal nya EU-direktiv år 2024 trätt i kraft som tar sikte på regler för hur fler konsumentprodukter kan repareras för att få en förlängd livscykel. En aspekt att beakta vid strävan mot en mer cirkulär ekonomi genom nya konsumentregler för produkter är hur upphovs-rätten tillIn 2023 the Swedish government presented a strategy for how to implement a circular economy. At the same time, several EU directives have come into force during 2024 that aims to regulate how more consumer products can be repaired to prolong their life cycle. One aspect to consider when pursuing a more circular economy through reparation is how copyright to products and user manuals affects the po

Syftet med denna uppsats är att analysera de juridiska möjligheter som finns för en borgenär att återfå en felaktig betalning som gjorts till ett konkursbo. I uppsatsen analyseras hur konkursrätten och avtalsrätten samverkar för att lösa dessa frågor. Uppsatsen utgår från ett specifikt fall där en borgenär, som av misstag betalat en skuld till ett konkursbo istället för att använda kvittningsrätteThe purpose of this thesis is to analyze the legal avenues available for a creditor to reclaim an erroneous payment made to a bankruptcy estate, focusing on how Swedish bankruptcy law and contract law intersect to address these issues. The thesis is based on a specific case in which a creditor mistakenly paid a debt to a bankruptcy estate instead of exercising the right of set-off and later attemp

Förberedelsebrottet infördes i svensk rätt med syfte att förhindra allvarlig brottslighet genom att kriminalisera vissa brott redan på planeringsstadiet. Förberedelsebrottet består av ett uppsåtsrekvisit, ett gärningsrekvisit och ett farerekvisit. Dessa tre delar av skuldbedömningen måste vara uppfyllda. Konkret fara måste sedermera föreligga för att straffansvar ska kunna utdömas, motsatsvis föraPreparation to commit an offence was introduced into Swedish law with the aim of preventing serious criminal activity by criminalizing certain crimes at the preparation stage. Preparation to commit an offence consists of three elements in the culpability assessment: intent, conduct, and the danger element. These three components must all be fulfilled for criminal liability to apply. Concrete dange

A carbohydrate-rich diet results in hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia; it may further induce the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer. However, epidemiological evidence among Chinese population is quite limited. The aim of this study was to investigate total carbohydrate, non-fibre carbohydrate, total fibre, starch, dietary glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) in relation to colorectal c

Background: Swedish municipalities are facing demographic challenges due to the growing number of older people and the resulting increased need for health care services. Welfare technologies are being launched as possible solutions for meeting some of these challenges. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the perception, experimentation, evaluation, and procurement of welfare technology

The study analyzed the performance of Doho Rice Irrigation Scheme (DRIS), the largest public irrigation scheme in Uganda, using (1) water supply indicators comprising relative water supply (RWS), relative irrigation supply (RIS), and water delivery capacity (WDC) related to water supply from the system in relation to scheme crop water demand for the 2018–2019 growing season; and(2) water balance r

The family of methodologies and approaches used and developed by the systemic design community has several characteristics that could play a vital role in supporting collective visioning and concerted action for sustainability transitions. It offers heuristics for bridging scales and domains, and tools for constructing spaces of joint reflection, visioning and decision-making. These methodologies

Objectives: Decision-analytic models assessing the value of emerging Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatments are challenged by limited evidence on short-term trial outcomes and uncertainty in extrapolating long-term patient-relevant outcomes. To improve understanding and foster transparency and credibility in modeling methods, we cross-compared AD decision models in a hypothetical context of disease-m

Copper is an essential micronutrient and yet is highly toxic to cells at elevated concentrations. P1B-ATPase proteins are critical for this regulation, providing active extrusion across cellular membranes. One unique molecular adaptation of P1B-ATPases compared to other P-type ATPases is the presence of metal-binding domains (MBDs) at the cytosolic termini, which however are poorly characterized w

This paper examines the ways in which carbon majors like Shell may present and identify themselves as ‘green’ alternatives whilst undermining the credibility of climate change science by investigating the construction of these narratives and how they differ between internal (employees) and external (general public) audiences. Focus is paid primarily to their rebranding of the late 1990s, analysing

Detta arbete behandlar frågan om enskildas möjligheter att erhålla allmän rättshjälp vid överprövningen av förvaltningsbeslut. Det övergripande syftet har varit att sätta den svenska rättshjälpen och dess förhållande till förvalt-ningsprocessen i ett komparativt perspektiv. En komparativ metod har därför använts för att undersöka likheterna och skillnaderna mellan den allmänna rättshjälpen i SveriThis paper examens the possibility of obtaining legal aid when appealing against administrative decisions. The overall aim has been to put the Swe-dish legal aid system and its relationship to the administrative procedure in a comparative perspective. A comparative method has therefore been used to examine the similarities and differences between the legal aid systems in Sweden, Finland and Norway