Distraction has shown to be a helpful pain intervention for children; however, few investigations have studied the effectiveness of this method with adolescents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of an easy and practical musical distraction in reducing adolescents' immunization pain. Furthermore, to examine whether musical distraction techniques (with or without headphones) used

Most crash prediction models are statistically-based prediction methods which require significant efforts in crash data collection and may not be applied in particular traffic environments due to the limitation of data sources. Traffic conflict studies have been proposed to mitigate this issue using short time survey to count traffic conflicts which are assumed as a surrogate measure of safety. Un

This paper discusses formation shape control systems with both distance and signed area constraints, which aim to avoid the flipping or reflection ambiguity in a target formation shape. We prove an almost global convergence result for a triangle formation with general shape, by choosing a particular value of the control gain associated with the formation area term. This result extends the recent p

Molecularly imprinted polymers were prepared using 2-vinylpyridine and/or methacrylic acid as functional monomers in a self-assembly imprinting protocol. The resulting polymers were analyzed in aqueous media, and the effects from the pH of the mobile phase and the degree of added organic solvent were investigated. The results are indicative of the importance of ionic bonds in conjunction with hydr

EU:s gemensamma jordbrukspolitik (CAP) är ett av de viktigaste styrmedlen för svenskt jordbruk, både när det gäller ekonomiska resurser och med avseende på hur stora arealer mark som påverkas. I den nuvarande CAP finns medel avsatta för miljöåtgärder såväl inom pelare 1 genom de så kallade förgröningsåtgärderna, som genom Landsbygdsprogrammet (pelare 2) via miljöstöden. Därmed skulle det kunna fin

Radiological evaluation of incidentally detected lung nodules on computed tomography (CT) influences management. We assessed international radiological variation in 1) pulmonary nodule characterisation; 2) hypothetical guideline-derived management; and 3) radiologists' management recommendations.107 radiologists from 25 countries evaluated 69 CT-detected nodules, recording: 1) first-choice composi

Rhizopus arrhizus lipase immobilized on celite was used to prepare isomerically pure 2-monoglycerides by alcoholysis of triglycerides in organic media. Reaction parameters such as choice of solvent, choice of alcohol, and alcohol concentration were studied. When 12.5 mM tripalmitin was used as substrate, methyl-tert-butyl ether was the best solvent for alcoholysis at water activity 0.11. Ethanol g

Nucleophilic properties of amino-acids were studied systematically in acyl-transfer reactions catalyzed by α-chymotrypsin and subtilisin from Bacillus subtilis strain 72 (subtilisin 72) using Mal-l-Ala-l-Ala-l-PheOMe as the acyl-group donor. In α-chymotrypsin-catalyzed reactions, the nucleophile reactivities increase in the following order: d-AlaNH2 < GlyNH2 < l-AlaNH2 < l-ScrNH2 < l-ThrNH2 < l-Hi

The research presented here evaluated road safety on the road sections included in the Intelligent Traffic Control System of the Podhale Region (ISSRRP) in Poland. This travel time information system consists of a remote traffic microwave sensor, cameras, as well as automatic plate number recognition on national roads with variable message signs and a mobile app to suggest alternative routes in th

Black spot ranking is an important tool for finding the sites with potential safety improvement on the road network. The EU Directive on Road Infrastructure Safety Management also demands the ranking of high accident concentration sites. This paper gives an introduction to localizing high accident concentration sites and the indicators used by Italy and Hungary. Accident and traffic volume data ar

Objectives To survey renal function in a defined population on metformin treatment. Methods All patients in the city of Malmö who collected at least three prescriptions of metformin during two years were identified from a central registry at the National Board of Health and Welfare in Sweden. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), from the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (C

We have studied the possibility of shifting a thermodynamically unfavourable enzymatic equilibrium towards product formation via the addition of a highly specific adsorbent. The commercially interesting enzymatic condensation of Z-L-aspartic acid with L-phenylalanine methyl ester to the sweetener aspartame was chosen as the model system. Extremely stable and specific adsorbents for the product Z-L

Molecular imprinting is an attractive method for producing highly selective adsorbents, and several new and potentially useful applications based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been described in recent years. In this article, we highlight some of the areas where these materials have found application, and also describe some new fields of application where the selectivities of imprin

We present a clinical distance measure for Pareto front evaluation studies in radiotherapy, which we show strongly correlates (r = 0.74 and 0.90) with clinical plan quality evaluation. For five prostate cases, sub-optimal treatment plans located at a clinical distance value of >0.32 (0.28–0.35) from fronts of Pareto optimal plans, were assessed to be of lower plan quality by our (12) observers (p

Information and education are frequently proposed as interventions to reduce the public’s fear of large carnivores. There are however few comprehensive evaluations of informational approaches, and existing evaluations rarely capture effects on human dimension factors such as people’s feelings of fear. In a recent study of public information meetings designed according to psychological principles i