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The purpose of technical standards is to define technical requirements for products in order to achieve compatibility and interoperability. To a large extent standards are established through agreement in standard-setting organisations. Standardisation agreements are agreements between competing firms and imply an agreement to refrain from manufacturing products non-compliant with the standard. St

Den 1 juni 2007 antogs flera ändringar i den svenska patentlagen. Skälet till detta var att anpassa de svenska bestämmelserna till EU:s regelverk och till vissa internationella bestämmelser på området. Sammanfattningsvis kan sägas att ändringarna innebär att det blir enklare att ansöka om och inneha patent. En nyhet i svensk patenträtt till följd av ändringarna i lagen är möjligheten för en patent

Hemvistbegreppet utgör en grundsten i såväl den interna svenska skattelagstiftningen som i skatteavtalen. I den interna rätten (IL) är hemvistbegreppet själva grunden för ett svenskt beskattningsanspråk. Förenklat kan man säga att om en person har hemvist i Sverige är huvudregeln att en inkomst skall beskattas i Sverige medan det omvända gäller om personen inte har hemvist i Sverige. I skatteavtal

The private sector plays a more and more important role in securing the progress of infrastructure development. Private sector participation is believed to guarantee more efficiency in the supply of infrastructure services and cut down the cost of this supply. Project finance through the BOT model is an internationally well-recognised method to handle large infrastructure projects. The project met

Design har blivit ett effektivt medel för att särskilja produkter och göra dem mer eftertraktade på marknaden. I och med det stora intresset för design ökar benägenheten till plagiering av produkters formgivning. En av många branscher där det finns problem med oauktoriserade kopior är leksaks­branschen. Eftersom det finns problem med plagiering är det mycket viktigt att det finns ett välfungerande

Uppsatsen behandlar överlåtelsedirektivet (2001/23/EG) i allmänhet och direktivets uppsägningsförbud i synnerhet. Framförallt utreds hur EG-rätten definierat och tillämpat överlåtelsedirektivets uppsägningsförbud och huruvida svensk nationell rätt har definierat och tolkat uppsägningsförbudet i överensstämmelse med gemenskapsrätten. Vidare analyseras uppsägningsförbudet utifrån teorin om normativa

Varför finns laglotten kvar trots flera försök att avskaffa den? Kan det vara styrkan i familjeenheten som gör att det fortfarande finns laglott? Numera är familjerna ibland väldigt splittrade på grund av skilsmässor och nya förhållanden vilket talar för ett avskaffande av laglottsinstitutet eftersom det blir så många olika föräldrar inblandade i ett barns liv. Förhandlingar vid det 34:e nordiska

Aims Biogeographical evidence suggests a strong link between climate and patterns of species diversity, and climate change is known to cause range shifts. However, there is little understanding of how shifts affect community composition and we lack empirical evidence of recent impacts of climate change on the diversity of vertebrates. Using a long-term comprehensive dataset on bird abundance, we e

Rate control of atrial fibrillation (AF) is a main treatment modality. However, data are scarce on the relative efficacy of calcium channel blockers and 13 blockers or between drugs within each class. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of 4 rate-reducing, once-daily drug regimens on the ventricular heart rate and arrhythmia-related symptoms in patients with permanent AF. We

This study develops a term structure model for VIX futures. Instead of deriving the VIX futures price from a model for the instantaneous variance of the S&P 500 or a model for the VIX, the VIX futures price dynamics are specified exogenously. The empirical features of VIX futures returns (positive skewness, excess kurtosis, and a decreasing volatility term structure for longer term expirations

The psychometric properties of the Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS) were examined in 2 samples. Sample 1 (N 185, ages 6–17 years) consisted of children recruited from hospitals after accidental injury, assault, and road traffic trauma, and assessed 6 months posttrauma. Sample 2 (N 68, ages 6–17 years) comprised treatment-seeking children who had experienced diverse traumas. In both samples psychome

Although flying insects have limited visual acuity (approx. 1°) and relatively small brains, many species pursue tiny targets against cluttered backgrounds with high success. Our previous computational model, inspired by electrophysiological recordings from insect 'small target motion detector' (STMD) neurons, did not account for several key properties described from the biological system. These i

To investigate whether preoperative retinal function measured by full-field ERG and multifocal ERG is correlated to postoperative visual acuity after macular hole surgery.

Benchmarking is becoming a more and more commonly used method for quality assurance and enhancement in higher education today. The aim of this study was to explore the impact and value of benchmarking e-learning in universities. Two European benchmarking initiatives, E-xcellence+ through the European Association of Distance Teaching Universities [EADTU] and an e-learning benchmarking exercise thro

Background: Self-injury, a manifestation of severe psychological distress, is increased in cancer-bereaved youths. Little is known about the potential influence on the risk for self-injury of factors that could be clinically relevant to and modifiable by the health-care professionals involved in the care of the dying parent. Methods: In a nationwide population-based anonymous study, 622 (73.1%) yo

The preservative methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) is a well-known sensitiser and present in most baseline series since at least 20 years. The proportions of MCI/MI are 3:1. MI alone has been used as a preservative in occupational and household products, and cosmetics since less than 10 years. MCI/MI tested at 100 ppm fails to detect a significant percentage of contact-all

The New Zealand emissions trading scheme (NZ ETS) is one of the first national-level GHG trading schemes outside Europe. It is also unique in its design and comprehensive sectoral coverage, including forestry. This paper provides an ex-post-assessment of market behavior in the NZ ETS in its first phase (2008-2012). Findings are based on quantitative evidence on prices and units, as well as qualita

Objective: Compare the impact of two interventions, a web-based support and a folder support, for young persons who care for people who suffer from mental illness. Methods: This study was a randomized control trial, following the CONSORT statements, which compared the impact of two interventions. Primary outcome variable was stress, and secondary outcome variables were caring situation, general se