OBJECTIVES: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal disease that is challenging to detect at an early stage. Biomarkers are needed that can detect PDAC early in the course of disease when interventions lead to the best outcomes. We highlight study design and statistical considerations that inform pancreatic cancer early detection biomarker evaluation.METHODS: We describe experim

This article offers a moral and logical critique of human rights minimalism, by which is meant an account that restricts human rights to a level of sufficiency above or beyond which inequalities have no moral relevance, and which makes duties prior to rights, such that rights are dependent on assumed or actual institutional capacities. The argument is that human rights minimalism fails by its own

This paper argues that in many contexts where effectiveness analysis such as benefit-cost analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis is used, we have good reason to think that some benefits or costs are incommensurable invalue such that neither can be determined to be better than the other, although they cannot be determined to beequally good either. Two responses to such value incommensurability ar

Context. The increased brightness temperature of young rocky protoplanets during their magma ocean epoch makes them potentially amenable to atmospheric characterization at distances from the Solar System far greater than thermally equilibrated terrestrial exoplanets, offering observational opportunities for unique insights into the origin of secondary atmospheres and the near surface conditions of

Planets form and obtain their compositions from the leftover material present in protoplanetary disks of dust and gas surrounding young stars. The chemical make-up of a disk influences every aspect of planetary composition, including their overall chemical properties, volatile content, atmospheric composition and potential for habitability. This Review discusses our knowledge of the chemical and i

Rapporten undersøger, hvordan streaming påvirker danske forfatteres økonomi og vilkår med fokus på forskelle mellem genrer, udgivelsesstrategier og markedspositioner. Streaming medfører overordnet, at man går fra sælge en vare (en bog) i boghandlen, til at sælge adgang til et katalog af bogtitler på en streamingplatform. Forlag og forfattere får betaling for værket baseret på brug, det vil sige, h

Krönika om situationen för forskning och högra utbildning i USA.

This thesis consists of three independent research papers. Using both applied econometric methods and theoretical models, they study the functioning of electricity markets, including those for green certificates, and auction markets in the presence of policy and market imperfections. The first paper empirically examines the effect of regulatory uncertainty in quota-based green certificate markets,

As global food systems are currently presenting great challenges to our environment and our health, diverse new (sustainable) foods and possibilities to integrate these into consumers’ everyday diets are extensively studied. Due to industrialized, standardized food production, approaches from disciplines such as sensory science and consumer psychology play an important role in new product developm

Current policy approaches addressing climate change have been insufficient. Integrative approaches linking inner and outer factors of behavior change, both at the private and organizational level, have been called for. The aim of the present study was thus to conceptualize and test a model of interlinkages between trainable transformative psychological qualities, meditation practice, wellbeing, st

While recent cognitive science research shows a renewed interest in understanding intelligence, there is still little consensus on what constitutes intelligent behaviour and how it should be assessed. Here we propose a refined approach to biological intelligence as accurate prediction, according to which intelligent behaviour should be understood as adaptive control driven by the minimisation of u

Denna uppsats har undersökt rättssäkerhetsaspekterna vid separation av barn och unga i Statens institutionsstyrelses (SiS) särskilda ungdomshem, med särskilt fokus på personalens utbildningsnivå samt tillsynens effektivitet. Genom en rättsdogmatisk analys har det konstaterats att separation utgör en ingripande tvångsåtgärd med betydande konsekvenser för den unges fri- och rättigheter. Trots att lThis paper has examined the legal certainty aspects of the separation of children and young people in SiS special youth homes, with a particular focus on the level of education of the staff and the effectiveness of supervision. Through a legal dogmatic analysis, it has been established that separation constitutes an intrusive coercive measure that has significant consequences for the young person&

The widespread contamination of urban soils by airborne microplastics (MPs) is an emerging environmental issue, particularly in urban allotment gardens with home-grown food. This study investigates the vertical distribution of MP in three such gardens in Berlin, Germany, over 90 days. Soil samples were collected at three depths (0-1 cm, 1–15 cm, and 15–30 cm) and analyzed for MP composition and oc

Agricultural intensification is widely recognised as a primary driver of pollinator loss, but the success of land-management actions designed to remediate its impact is often mixed. Payments to farmers to increase habitat connectivity or the availability of floral and nesting resources may only result in short-term gains or even unintended consequences. The reasons may lie in changes to interactio

The enhancement and protection of coastal ecosystems that sequester carbon for climate change mitigation have developed over the last 15 years, and today are part of climate governance. After an initially challenging start in terms of policy interest, Blue Carbon is now included in some countries’ national inventories, and as such, enters the global sums of emissions and sinks, and becomes relevan

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change needs to do more to include the expertise and voices of women, even as numbers and policies improve.