In small scale societies, lethal attacks on another individual usually invite revenge by the victim's family. We might expect those who perpetrate such attacks to do so only when their own support network (mainly family) is larger than that of the potential victim so as to minimise the risk of retaliation. Using data from Icelandic family sagas, we show that this prediction holds whether we consid

Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative affliction to which researchers have long striven to find a cure. The human embryo is a source of vital cells used in regenerative medicine, as well as a powerful symbol of life. Using foetal cells from aborted embryos for transplantation to the brains of Parkinson patients is an avenue that has been explored by neuroscientists on and off for the last thi

In the present investigation, the Ca2+ activation of the C-terminal domain of bovine calmodulin and the effects of replacing the bidentate Ca2+-coordinating glutamic acid residue in the 12th and last position of loop IV with a glutamine are studied by NMR spectroscopy. The mutation E140Q results in sequential Ca2+ binding in this domain and has far-reaching effects on the structure of (Ca2+)2 TR2C

A new experimental technique, nuclear spin quenching (NSQ), is introduced, which can be used to measure droplet size and inter-droplet exchange rates of various intrinsic molecular species in disperse systems. The physical basis of the method is the quenching of the fine structure in spin-coupled N.M.R. spectra by intermolecular proton exchange, the rate of which is controlled by droplet exchange.

A 32-base-pair model of the Holliday junction (HJ) intermediate in genetic recombination has been prepared and analyzed in-depth by 2D and 3D 1H NMR spectroscopy. This HJ (J2P1) corresponds to a cyclic permutation of the base pairs at the junction relative to a previously studied HJ [J2; Chen, S.-M., and Chazin, W. J. (1994) Biochemistry 33, 11453-11459], designed to probe the effect of the sequen

Water 2H and 17O spin relaxation data for the microemulsion phase in the AOT/D 2O/isooctane system are reported. The difference between the transverse (R 2) and the longitudinal (R 1) relaxation rates has been measured as function of droplet size, droplet volume fraction, temperature, and resonance frequency. The 2H longitudinal relaxation rate dispersion has been measured over an extensive freque

The state of water in aqueous microemulsion droplets in the system AOT/D2O/isooctane has been investigated by 2H and 17O NMR. Longitudinal relaxation rates are reported as a function of droplet size, droplet volume fraction, temperature, and resonance frequency. We conclude that the surface-induced perturbation of water rotation is of short range (limited to the primary hydration of the AOT head g

In 2018, a new training program for primary care physicians was launched in Japan. As physicians responsible for the training of new primary care physicians, we have faced many problems, particularly in rural areas. The influence of this new program on primary care physicians in rural areas of Japan has not been sufficiently investigated. The aim of this research was to improve training for primar

Water oxygen-17 relaxation rates have been measured for aqueous solutions of micelles composed of ionic surfactants of varying alkyl chain length, head group, and counterion. The concentration of surfactant and salt was also varied. From these measurements, supplemented with relaxation data for short-chain molecules and with quadrupolar splittings from anisotropic mesophases, we derive structural

The crystalline lens of a vertebrate eye is a gradient-index lens and grows throughout life by addition of new lens fiber cells in the periphery. In fish, the growing ball-shaped lens maintains sophisticated optical properties throughout life by maintaining the distribution of refractive index relative to the increasing radius of the lens. During this process, the central fibers must increase refr

Objective: To investigate whether inverse probability of participation weighting (IPPW) using register data on sociodemographic and disease history variables can improve external validity in a cohort study with selective participation. Study Design and Setting: We fitted various IPPW models by logistic regression using register data for the participants (n = 1,111) and nonparticipants (n = 1,132)

PurposeThe paper aims to offer an approach that allows an analysis and construction of a typology of virtual city brand co-creation practices.Design/methodology/approachThe approach is illustrated by using data collected in regard to the branding of Stockholm; it is based on visual representations expressing the process in which brand co-creation unfolds in a network of different affective modalit

"A brief history of sound art is, in a nutshell, a history of sonic forms of expression that throughout the twentieth century can be traced within music, the visual arts, and contemporary dance, as well as in performance art, conceptual art, and media art. Attempts to capture sound art as a detached and isolated art form or artistic phenomenon have been made, but this is definitely not the approac