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A Computational Model of Cellular Engraftment on Lung Scaffolds

The possibility that stem cells might be used to regenerate tissue is now being investigated for a variety of organs, but these investigations are still essentially exploratory and have few predictive tools available to guide experimentation. We propose, in this study, that the field of lung tissue regeneration might be better served by predictive tools that treat stem cells as agents that obey ce

Heat transfer in laminar flows of extended modified power law fluids in rectangular ducts

This paper reports the results of a numerical study of the Nusselt number for the H1 and T boundary conditions in laminar, fully-developed flows of pseudoplastic and dilatant fluids in rectangular ducts. Equations for the apparent viscosity that span the entire shear rate range were utilized and the Nusselt numbers were calculated as a function of a shear rate parameter that determines the flow re

A microwave-assisted solution combustion synthesis to produce europium-doped calcium phosphate nanowhiskers for bioimaging applications

Biocompatible nanoparticles possessing fluorescent properties offer attractive possibilities for multifunctional bioimaging and/or drug and gene delivery applications. Many of the limitations with current imaging systems center on the properties of the optical probes in relation to equipment technical capabilities. Here we introduce a novel high aspect ratio and highly crystalline europium-doped c

WISP1 mediates IL-6-dependent proliferation in primary human lung fibroblasts

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal interstitial lung disease. IPF is characterized by epithelial cell injury and reprogramming, increases in (myo)fibroblasts, and altered deposition of extracellular matrix. The Wnt1-inducible signaling protein 1 (WISP1) is involved in impaired epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk in pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we aimed to further investigate

Residual Detergent Detection Method for Nondestructive Cytocompatibility Evaluation of Decellularized Whole Lung Scaffolds

The development of reliable tissue engineering methods using decellularized cadaveric or donor lungs could potentially provide a new source of lung tissue. The vast majority of current lung decellularization protocols are detergent based and incompletely removed residual detergents may have a deleterious impact on subsequent scaffold recellularization. Detergent removal and quality control measure

Freshly thawed and continuously cultured human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells comparably ameliorate allergic airways inflammation in immunocompetent mice

Recent data suggest that freshly thawed previously frozen mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) may not have the same effectiveness or breadth of anti-inflammatory activities as do continuously cultured MSCs. This has significant implications for clinical use, in which many infusion schemes use frozen cells thawed at the bedside for administration. The available data, however, predominantly evaluate in

Preclinical validation and imaging of Wnt-induced repair in human 3D lung tissue cultures

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by a progressive loss of lung tissue. Inducing repair processes within the adult diseased lung is of major interest and Wnt/β- catenin signalling represents a promising target for lung repair. However, the translation of novel therapeutic targets from model systems into clinical use remains a major challenge. We generated murine and pat

An official American Thoracic Society workshop report : Stem cells and cell therapies in lung biology and diseases

The University of Vermont College of Medicine and the Vermont Lung Center, in collaboration with the NHLBI, Alpha-1 Foundation, American Thoracic Society, European Respiratory Society, International Society for Cell Therapy, and the Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation, convened a workshop, "Stem Cells and Cell Therapies in Lung Biology and Lung Diseases, " held July 29 to August 1, 2013 at the Universit

Systemic administration of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell extracellular vesicles ameliorates Aspergillus hyphal extract-induced allergic airway inflammation in immunocompetent mice

An increasing number of studies demonstrate that administration of either conditioned media (CM) or extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow and other sources are as effective as the MSCs themselves in mitigating inflammation and injury. The goal of the current study was to determine whether xenogeneic administration of CM or EVs from human

Three-dimensional scaffolds of acellular human and porcine lungs for high throughput studies of lung disease and regeneration

Acellular scaffolds from complex whole organs such as lung are being increasingly studied for ex vivo organ generation and for in vitro studies of cell-extracellular matrix interactions. We have established effective methods for efficient de and recellularization of large animal and human lungs including techniques which allow multiple small segments (~1-3 cm3) to be excised that retain 3-dimensio

Comparative decellularization and recellularization of normal versus emphysematous human lungs

Acellular whole human lung scaffolds represent a unique opportunity for ex vivo tissue engineering. However, it remains unclear whether lungs from individuals with chronic lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can be appropriately decellularized and recellularized. To assess this, cadaveric human lungs from normal (non-smoking) patients and from patients with COPD (smo

The effects of storage and sterilization on de-cellularized and re-cellularized whole lung

Despite growing interest on the potential use of de-cellularized whole lungs as 3-dimensional scaffolds for ex vivo lung tissue generation, optimal processing including sterilization and storage conditions, are not well defined. Further, it is unclear whether lungs need to be obtained immediately or may be usable even if harvested several days post-mortem, a situation mimicking potential procureme

The effect of age and emphysematous and fibrotic injury on the re-cellularization of de-cellularized lungs

Use of de-cellularized cadaveric lungs as 3-dimensional scaffolds for ex vivo lung tissue generation offers a new potential therapeutic approach for clinical lung transplantation. However, it is likely that some of the available cadaveric human lungs may be from older donors or from donors with previously existing structural lung diseases such as emphysema or pulmonary fibrosis. It is not known wh

Humidity sensing in insects — from ecology to neural processing

Humidity is an omnipresent climatic factor that influences the fitness, reproductive behavior and geographic distribution of animals. Insects in particular use humidity cues to navigate the environment. Although the sensory neurons of this elusive sense were first described more than fifty years ago, the transduction mechanism of humidity sensing (hygrosensation) remains unknown. Recent work has u

Bi-directional plasticity : Rotifer prey adjust spine length to different predator regimes

Numerous prey organisms, including many rotifers, exhibit inducible defensive plasticity, such as spines, in response to predators. Here, we test the hypothesis that prey modify their defence response to different predator sizes with a bi-directional adjustment in spine length. First, we show experimentally, that large-sized predators induce a reduction in prey spine length. Second, we conducted a

Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) and Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) as Objective Support in Diagnosing Childhood ADHD and ASD

AbstractBackgroundThere is a need for easily administered objective tests in neurodevelopmental disorders. We investigated the clinical utility for child and adolescent psychiatry of Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) and Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) as support in diagnosing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). MethodsTh

The role of ability beliefs and agentic vs. communal career goals in adolescents' first educational choice. What explains the degree of gender-balance?

To reduce the horizontal gender segregation in the labor market, we need to understand gender differences in career choice. The current study followed a large group of Swedish adolescents as they made their first educational choice, and tested for mediation of gender differences using measures of ability beliefs and career goals, which were collected shortly prior to the choice.Findings revealed s

Human Primary Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Their in vitro Progenies Display Distinct Transcriptional Profile Signatures

Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) are a rare population of cells that gives rise to skeletal tissues and the hematopoietic stroma in vivo. Recently, we have demonstrated that BM-MSCs fulfill stringent in vivo stem cell criteria when propagated as non-adherent mesenspheres but not as adherent-cultured cells. Motivated by these profound functional differences, the current study aimed t

Neuroblastoma patient-derived xenograft cells cultured in stem-cell promoting medium retain tumorigenic and metastatic capacities but differentiate in serum

Cultured cancer cells serve as important models for preclinical testing of anti-cancer compounds. However, the optimal conditions for retaining original tumor features during in vitro culturing of cancer cells have not been investigated in detail. Here we show that serum-free conditions are critical for maintaining an immature phenotype of neuroblastoma cells isolated from orthotopic patient-deriv