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Acetylation is a commercialised chemical wood modification technology that increases the durability of wood against microbial attack. However, the details of how acetylation protects the wood structure from fungal degradation are still unclear. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the resistance against microbial attack depends on the localisation of acetylation within the cell wall. The m
The tourism industry, destinations, and the wider tourism community and stakeholders face several significant short and long-term challenges that will substantially affect the future direction of tourism. Issues of social, economic, and environmental change are further complicated by current geopolitical conflicts and competition. These issues raise important questions with respect to the role of
Background. We evaluated the effects of 12 months of exercise training on bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3–5 not on kidney replacement therapy (KRT). Methods. A total of 151 patients were randomized to 12 months of either balance or strength training, both together with endurance training. Some 112 patients completed and 107 (69 men, 38 women) were
Programmable optical circuits are an important tool in developing quantum technologies such as transceivers for quantum communication and integrated photonic chips for quantum information processing. Maintaining precise control over every individual component becomes challenging at large scales, leading to a reduction in the quality of operations performed. In parallel, minor imperfections in circ
Background: Chest compression is a lifesaving intervention in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), but the optimal metrics to assess its quality have yet to be identified. The objective of this study was to investigate whether a new parameter, that is, the variability of the chest compression-generated transthoracic impedance (TTI), namely ImpCC, which measures the consistency of the chest compr
We present an exact dimensionality reduction for dynamics of an arbitrary array of globally coupled complex-valued Riccati equations. It generalizes the Watanabe-Strogatz theory [Integrability of a globally coupled oscillator array, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 2391 (1993).PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.70.2391] for sinusoidally coupled phase oscillators and seamlessly includes quadratic integrate-and
Ectomycorrhizal fungi are essential for nitrogen (N) cycling in many temperate forests and responsive to anthropogenic N addition, which generally decreases host carbon (C) allocation to the fungi. In the boreal region, however, ectomycorrhizal fungal biomass has been found to correlate positively with soil N availability. Still, responses to anthropogenic N input, for instance through atmospheric
Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are common in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). We aimed to explore the prevalence and severity of GI symptoms in POTS, and to investigate immunological factors, hemodynamic findings, and their possible association with GI symptoms in POTS. Forty-three patients (93% female, median age 30.6 (26.0-41.0) years), previously diagnosed with POTS and 74 heal
This article presents a cognitive model of event structure that can be used to explain several features of the semantics of verbs. The model consists of four basic components: agent, patient, force vector and result vector. Each component is described in terms of the theory of conceptual spaces. The force vector is the cause of the result vector. Unlike other event models both the cause and the ef
Heart transplantation is a life-saving procedure for patients with end-stage heart failure. However, conservative acceptance criteria result in most donated hearts being discarded. Enabling clinicians to assess heart function after organ procurement can pave the way for the safe use of hearts that are currently rejected. This thesis focuses on improving techniques for the direct, controlled assess
With current interest from the heavy-duty industry in high-octane renewable fuels like methanol, the currently used compression ignition engines will have to be adapted to dual-fuel (DF) type combustion systems or replaced by spark-ignition (SI) engines. Since both DF and SI engines are characterized by a premixed air–fuel mixture, there is a risk that part of the unburned mixture auto-ignites bef
PURPOSE Childhood cancer survivors are at the risk of developing subsequent colorectal cancers (CRCs), but the absolute risks by treatment modality are uncertain. We quantified the absolute risks by radiotherapy treatment characteristics using clinically accessible data from a Pan-European wide case-control study nested within a large cohort of childhood cancer survivors: the PanCareSurFup Study.
We introduce the parton cascade Alpaca, which evolves parton ensembles corresponding to single events according to the effective kinetic theory of QCD at high temperature formulated by Arnold, Moore and Yaffe by explicitly simulating elastic scattering, splitting and merging. By taking the ensemble average over many events the phase space density (as evolved by the Boltzmann equation) is recovered
The entire world is facing the stiff challenge of COVID-19 pandemic. To overcome the spread of this highly infectious disease, several short-sighted strategies were adopted such as the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and antifungals. However, the misuse and/or overuse of antibiotics have accentuated the emergence of the next pandemic: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR). It is believed that pathogens
CONTEXT: Turner syndrome (TS) is the most common chromosomal aberration in women; it is the result of structural or numeric abnormalities in the X chromosome. Autoimmune hypothyroidism has been recognized as one of the more prominent disorders associated with TS. OBJECTIVE: This work aimed to study the prevalence of autoimmune diseases in TS. METHODS: A cross-sectional, longitudinal, 25-year follo
Trends for the atmospheric deposition of sulphur (S) and inorganic nitrogen (inorg-N) to forests and changes in the forest soil water chemistry in Sweden have been assessed since 1985, with special focus on the last 25 years, based on measurements within the Swedish Throughfall Monitoring Network (SWETHRO). The reductions in the deposition of S and inorg-N in the southern part of Sweden correspond
Purpose: Meticulous manual delineations of the prostate and the surrounding organs at risk are necessary for prostate cancer radiation therapy to avoid side effects to the latter. This process is time consuming and hampered by inter- and intraobserver variability, all of which could be alleviated by artificial intelligence (AI). This study aimed to evaluate the performance of AI compared with manu
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is a fungal pathogen that has decimated amphibian populations worldwide for several decades. We examined the changes in gene expression in response to Bd infection in two populations of the common toad, Bufo bufo, in a laboratory experiment. We collected B. bufo eggs in southern and northern Sweden, and infected the laboratory-raised metamorphs with two strains
Daylight analysis is often carried out when definitive decisions about space characteristics such as materials, colours, window characteristics and furnishing have not yet been made. Such late design choices, which are first introduced or can still be changed late in the design process or even after its conclusion, impact the daylight levels of interior spaces. This study explored the impact of la
Aims: The objective was to compare anxiety, depression, and quality of life (QoL) in individuals living with type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes with matched controls during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Via randomization, individuals living with diabetes T1D (n = 203) and T2D (n = 413), were identified during February-July 2021 through health-care registers. Population con
