This study presents an empirical approach to the use of imperfect and preterite Spanish past tenses, with state and achievement verbs by Swedish students of Spanish as a foreign language in the levels A2, B1 and B2. The main objective is to establish to what extent the participants link the use of the imperfect and the preterite in relation to state and achievement verbs. The study compares the re

AIM: To investigate possible associations between hospitalization for asthma and socioeconomic status and occupation.METHODS: A nationwide database was constructed by linking Swedish Census data to the Hospital Discharge Register (1987-2004). The hospital diagnoses of asthma were based on the International Classification of Diseases. Standardized incidence ratios were calculated for different soci

Familial clustering of a disease is a direct indicator of a possible heritable cause, provided that environmental sharing can be excluded. If the familial clustering is lacking, the likelihood of a heritable influence is also small. In the era of genome scans, the consideration of data on heritability should be important in the assessment of the likely success of the genome scan. The availability

In this cumulative incidence study of the entire population of Sweden, we examined the association between neighbourhood income level and injury risks across a comprehensive set of individual variables. The population, stratified by age (0-14, 15-64, and > or =65 years), was followed for incident injury events in 1998. Multilevel logistic regression was used to examine the associations between nei

OBJECTIVES: To analyze whether hospitalization for a psychiatric disorder predicts Parkinson's disease (PD) in men and women in different age groups after accounting for socioeconomic status and geographical region.METHODS: Data from the MigMed database were used to identify all people in Sweden hospitalized for psychiatric disorder and PD during the study period (1987 to 2001). Standardized incid

This nationwide study aimed to enhance available data by determining sibling risks of subarachnoid hemorrhage in a total population. The MigMed database at the Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, was used to identify all cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage diagnosed in Sweden between 1987 and 2001. Incidence ratios standardized for age, region, and socioeconomic status (SIRs) were calculated for persons

OBJECTIVE: Familial risks of depression have been assessed in small case-control studies, usually based on reported, but not medically verified, depressions in family members; thus the degree of familial clustering of these diseases remains to be established.METHODS: The Multigeneration Register, in which all men and women born in Sweden from 1932 onward are registered together with their parents,

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between country of birth and hospitalization for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ectopic pregnancy (EP), endometriosis, and infertility.DESIGN: Follow-up study.SETTING: Sweden.PARTICIPANT(S): A total of 2,170,177 women living in Sweden at some point between 1990 and 2004, categorized into 10 different groups according to country of birth.INTERVENTION(S): No

BACKGROUND: Asthma is a common disabling condition, with known environmental and familial risk factors and with their assumed interactions. We wanted to carry out a family study on asthma to address gene-environment interactions at a population level.METHODS: We conducted a nation-wide study on familial risks for asthma. An asthma database was constructed by linking the Multigeneration Register on

OBJECTIVE: This study analyzed men and women separately by age at hospital diagnosis of psychotic disorder or schizophrenia and by maternal or paternal disease after taking several possible confounders into account.METHODS: The Multigeneration Register, in which all men and women born in Sweden from 1932 onwards are registered together with their parents, was linked to hospital data. This yielded

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to investigate associations between hospitalization for epilepsy and two factors: socioeconomic status and occupation.DESIGN AND SETTING: A nationwide database was constructed in Sweden by linking the Swedish Census to the Hospital Discharge Register to obtain data on all first-time hospitalizations for epilepsy in adults in Sweden during the study period (1987

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is an association between socioeconomic status, occupation and obstructive sleep apnea.METHODS: A nationwide database was constructed by linking the Swedish Census to the Hospital Discharge Register and the Cause of Death Register to obtain data on all first adult hospitalizations for obstructive sleep apnea diagnosed in Sweden dur

Cerebral palsy is the commonest cause of severe childhood disability, the aetiology of which is largely unknown. Data on familial aggregation of cerebral palsy are very limited. We defined familial risks for siblings who were hospitalised because of cerebral palsy in Sweden. A nationwide database for neurological diseases was constructed by linking the Multigeneration Register to the Hospital Disc

The aim of this study was to estimate familial risks of Parkinson's disease (PD) in first-degree relatives of probands with PD compared with first-degree relatives of control probands. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of PD were estimated in the total Swedish population for the period January 1, 1987 to December 31, 2001. SIRs were calculated by age, sex, occupation, geographic region, family

BACKGROUND: Nerve, nerve root and plexus disorders are common diseases, but little is known about familial clustering in these diseases. This is, to our knowledge, the first systematic family study carried out on these diseases.METHODS: Familial risks for siblings who were hospitalised for nerve, nerve root and plexus disorders in Sweden were defined. A nationwide database for neurological disease

AIMS: The main objective was to determine premature stroke risk in men and women in Sweden with previous hospital admission for Type 1 diabetes or without previous hospital admission.METHODS: All individuals in Sweden aged 15-34 years at first hospital admission for Type 1 diabetes and aged 15-49 years at first hospital admission for stroke during the study period (1987-2001) were identified. Stan

PURPOSE: Epilepsy is a common disabling condition, with high heritability according to twin studies. Characterization of familial risks for common subtypes of epilepsy will advance the search for the heritable causes of these conditions and their underlying mechanisms. We aim at defining familial risks for siblings to be hospitalized because of epilepsy.METHODS: A nationwide ad hoc epilepsy databa

Recent successes in identifying the underlying genetic mechanisms for neurological diseases, particularly for their Mendelian forms, have had profound implications for their diagnostics, treatment and classification. However, there has never been an attempt to compare familial risks in a systematic way among and between the main neurological diseases. Familial risks were here defined for siblings