Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain numerous active substances that mediate bacterial interactions with their host and with other microbes. Best defined are the EVs from Gram-negative bacteria that have been shown to deliver virulence factors, modulate the immune responses, mediate antibiotic resistance, and also inhibit competitive microbes. Due to the complex cell wall structures of G

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Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant linked with various adverse health effects, including immune system dysfunction. Gut microbial dysbiosis can contribute to a wide range of pathogenesis, particularly immune disease. Here, we investigated the impact of DBP on the gut microbiome and examined correlations with immune system changes after five weeks oral exposure (10

Purpose Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) survivors are at an increased risk of stroke because of carotid artery irradiation. However, for early-stage HL involved node radiation therapy (INRT) reduces the volume of normal tissue exposed to high doses. Here, we evaluate 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT), volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT), and proton therapy (PT) delivered as INRT along w

Bone strength is an important contributor to fracture risk. Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) derived from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is used as a surrogate for bone strength in fracture risk prediction tools. 3D finite element (FE) models predict bone strength better than aBMD, but their clinical use is limited by the need for 3D computed tomography and lack of automation. We have ear

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is the most common form of violence against women globally, with high prevalence rates among refugee communities. Previous literature indicates its relation to negative mental health outcomes such as depression and the potential help of social protective factors. The current study investigated the protective role of perceived social support (PSS) and cognitive socia

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to compare treatment plans generated using fixed beam Intensity Modulated photon Radiation Therapy (IMRT), inversely optimized arc therapy (RapidArc(R), RA) with spot-scanned Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy (IMPT) for high-grade glioma patients. Plans were compared with respect to target coverage and sparing of organs at risk (OARs), with special attention

Attacks of mass-harm perpetrated by lone actor terrorists, also known as lone wolves which they are called in this study, have been increasing in the last few decades and has become one of the main national security threats in Sweden. With the increase in attacks, so has the research on this type of terrorism, looking at ideological reasons, target selection and the radicalisation process as well

Europe is leading the world in cutting carbon emissions. By 2020, the European Union had reduced emissions by an estimated 34 percent compared to 1990 levels, which puts its promised 55 percent reduction by 2030 safely within reach. By comparison, the United States has managed only a 7 percent reduction over the same period.However, this European success story comes with a big asterisk. The EU has

Under den cirka en miljard år gamla Svekonorvegiska orogenesen deformerades den västra randzonen av Fennoskandiska urbergsskölden. Denna händelse ligger till grund för hur sydvästra Skandinaviens berggrund ser ut idag, men det är ännu omdiskuterat hur orogenesen skedde i detalj. Idefjordenterrängen som avgränsas till Östra Segmentet av Mylonitzonen, innehåller sekvenser av metasediment tillhörandeThe approximately 1 Ga old Sveconorwegian orogen occupies the western margin of the Fennoscandian shield and comprise tectonically reworked and metamorphosed rocks. This event accounts for the characteristics of the bedrock in southwest Scandinavia today, but it is still debated how this development took place in detail, and especially if it was a collisional or non-collisional orogeny. The Idefjo

Objective. The aim of this study was to determine employment outcomes after radiotherapy (RT) for prostate cancer (PCA). Materials and methods. The Danish DREAM database contains information about social benefits paid to Danish citizens. Data are recorded prospectively every week. From the database, it is possible to assess whether a patient is working, on sick leave or retired at a certain time.

Since the early 2000s, the issue of ‘honour-based violence’ has sparked significant discussions in Sweden, leading to governmental and civil efforts to combat this form of violence. An essential intervention highlighted in these efforts is improving knowledge among professionals in sectors such as social and healthcare, schools, and the judicial system. Recently, a new platform has emerged, offeri

The immune system is integral to cardiovascular health and disease. Targeting inflammation ameliorates adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Atherosclerosis, a major underlying cause of cardiovascular disease, is conceptualized as lipid-driven inflammation in which macrophages play a nonredundant role. However, evidence emerging so far from single-cell atlases suggests a dichotomy between lipid-associa

We report on the physical-point RBC/UKQCD calculation of the leading isospin-breaking corrections to light-meson leptonic decays. This is highly relevant for future precision tests in the flavour physics sector, in particular the first-row unitarity of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix containing the elements Vus and Vud. The simulations were performed using Domain-Wall fermions for 2 + 1 flavo

The brain needs sufficient oxygen in order to function normally. This is achieved by a large vascular capillary network ensuring that oxygen supply meets the changing demand of the brain tissue, especially in situations of hypoxia. Brain capillaries are formed by endothelial cells and perivascular pericytes, whereby pericytes in the brain have a particularly high 1:1 ratio to endothelial cells. Pe

Godstransporter är livsviktiga för att en stad och stadslivet ska fungera, men sättet som godstransporter genomförs idag är inte hållbart. Det finns få riktlinjer på hur transporterna ska ske och riskfyllda situationer uppstod. Syftet med examensarbetet var att undersöka problem i bilfria områden i centrumnära stadsmiljö, samt att komma med rekommendationer på hur det kan utvecklas utifrån dagens Urban freight transportation is crucial for the functioning of a city and city life. However, the way urban freight transportation is occurring is unsustainable since there are few regulations and dangerous situations easily arise. The purpose of the thesis was to examine transportation in car-free areas and identify the associated problems, guidelines and explore potential solutions to the identi

ObjectivesTo develop an in-house matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) library for improved identification of species and subspecies of the Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus-complex (SBSEC).Methods236 SBSEC isolates from blood stream infections and culture collections, determined by whole genome sequencing to subspecies level, were grow