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Use of fractional exhaled nitric oxide to guide the treatment of asthma an official american thoracic society clinical practice guideline

Background: The fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) test is a point-of-care test that is used in the assessment of asthma. Objective: To provide evidence-based clinical guidance on whether FENO testing is indicated to optimize asthma treatment in patients with asthma in whom treatment is being considered. Methods: An international, multidisciplinary panel of experts was convened to form a conse

Leflunomide Inhibits rat-to-Mouse Cardiac Xenograft Rejection by Suppressing Adaptive Immune Cell Response and NF-κB Signaling Activation

Xenotransplantation is a potential solution for the severe shortage of human donor organs and tissues. The generation of humanized animal models attenuates strong innate immune responses, such as complement-mediated hyperacute rejection. However, acute vascular rejection and cell mediated rejection remain primary barriers to xenotransplantation, which limits its clinical application. In this study

Protein phosphatase SppA regulates apical growth and dephosphorylates cell polarity determinant DivIVA in Streptomyces coelicolor

Members of the Actinobacteria, including mycobacteria and streptomycetes, exhibit a distinctive mode of polar growth, with cell wall synthesis occurring in zones at cell poles and directed by the essential cell polarity determinant DivIVA. Streptomyces coelicolor modulates polar growth via the Ser/Thr protein kinase AfsK, which phosphorylates DivIVA. Here, we show that the phosphoprotein phosphata

Higher Education for Refugees: The Case of Syria

The refugee crisis is also a crisis in education. While attention is frequently directed toward primary and secondary school levels, higher education is a strategic issue for refugees, both as individuals and for long term processes of post-conflict recovery and peacebuilding. Education prospects and content are drivers of onwards migration, but also affect economic structures on return. Higher ed

Linking behavioural type with cannibalism in Eurasian perch

The propensity to kill and consume conspecifics (cannibalism) varies greatly between and within species, but the underlying mechanisms behind this variation remain poorly understood. A rich literature has documented that consistent behavioural variation is ubiquitous across the animal kingdom. Such inter-individual behavioural differences, sometimes referred to as personality traits, may have far-

Patient perspectives on living with severe asthma in Denmark and Sweden

Background: Severe asthma has an acknowledged impact on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and is associated with substantial health care costs. This study aimed to investigate the patients’ own experiences of the disease, perceptions of HRQOL, and awareness of disease management. Methods: This study included severe asthma patients in Sweden and Denmark. A quantitative Web-based survey and qua

Semiconductor to metal transition in two-dimensional gold and its van der Waals heterostack with graphene

The synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) transition metals has attracted growing attention for both fundamental and application-oriented investigations, such as 2D magnetism, nanoplasmonics and non-linear optics. However, the large-area synthesis of this class of materials in a single-layer form poses non-trivial difficulties. Here we present the synthesis of a large-area 2D gold layer, stabilized in

Impact of differential and time-dependent autophagy activation on therapeutic efficacy in a model of Huntington disease

Activation of macroautophagy/autophagy, a key mechanism involved in the degradation and removal of aggregated proteins, can successfully reverse Huntington disease phenotypes in various model systems. How neuronal autophagy impairments need to be considered in Huntington disease progression to achieve a therapeutic effect is currently not known. In this study, we used a mouse model of HTT (hunting

Paradigm shift in engineering of pluvial floods: From historical recurrence intervals to risk-based design for an uncertain future

Precipitation is intrinsically associated with high uncertainty, which is exacerbated exponentially over time—especially concerning climate change. However, the current design practice in urban drainage infrastructure remains firmly bound to deterministic assumptions regarding the design load. This approach is too simplified—focusing only on the return period of the design event—and ignores the co

Maternal Arterial Blood Gas Values During Delivery: Effect of Mode of Delivery, Maternal Characteristics, Obstetric Interventions and Correlation to Fetal Umbilical Cord Blood

Abstract Introduction: Obstetricians routinely use biochemical parameters from non-pregnant women to assess the condition of the laboring mother. However, it is well known that pregnancy leads to significant physiological changes in most organ systems. The aim of this study was to determine normal values for maternal arterial blood gases during vaginal deliveries as compared to control values fro

Determinants of continued maternal care seeking during pregnancy, birth and postnatal and associated neonatal survival outcomes in Kenya and Uganda : analysis of cross-sectional, demographic and health surveys data

OBJECTIVES: To examine how maternal and sociodemographic factors determine continued care-seeking behaviour from pregnancy to postnatal period in Kenya and Uganda and to determine associated neonatal survival outcomes.DESIGN: A population-based analysis of cross-sectional data using multinomial and binary logistic regressions.SETTING: Countrywide, Kenya and Uganda.PARTICIPANTS: Most recent live bi

Explosive remnants in Swedish society : Standardization to visualize a complex risk picture

Explosive remnants from military activities imply a complex and costly risk to be dealt with in society. The problem involves different risks that are currently managed in isolation and by different stakeholders. For prioritization and ranking between all contaminated areas, a common risk picture needs to be presented and communicated to decision-makers. This chapter analyses the pros and cons of