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We successfully fabricated and studied planar superconductor-normal-superconductor (SNS) Josephson junctions made of YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO) high-TC superconductor (S) and Au normal metal (N). The crucial step in fabrication was done by using a Pt/Au bilayer encapsulation of the patterned YBCO nanogap. This procedure preserves the YBCO nanogap from the degradation due to the contact with resists, water
Analyzing temperature dependent photoemission (PE) data of the ferromagnetic Kondo-lattice (KL) system YbNiSn in the light of the periodic Anderson model (PAM) we show that the KL behavior is not limited to temperatures below a temperature TK, defined empirically from resistivity and specific heat measurements. As characteristic for weakly hybridized Ce and Yb systems, the PE spectra reveal a 4f-d
The physics of charge separation in organic semiconductors is a topic of ongoing research of relevance to material and device engineering. Herein, we present experimental observations of the field and temperature dependence of charge separation from singlet excitons in PTB7 and PC71BM, and from charge-transfer states created across interfaces in PTB7/PC71BM bulk heterojunction solar cells. We obta
Transverse momentum (pT) spectra of pions, kaons, and protons up to pT=20GeV/c have been measured in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=2.76TeV using the ALICE detector for six different centrality classes covering 0%-80%. The proton-to-pion and the kaon-to-pion ratios both show a distinct peak at pT≈3GeV/c in central Pb-Pb collisions that decreases for more peripheral collisions. For pT>10GeV/c, the nuclear
Metallic 5f materials have very strong coupling of magnetic moments and electrons mediating electrical conduction. It is caused by strong spin-orbit interaction, coming with high atomic number Z, together with involvement of the 5f states in metallic bonding. We have used the recently discovered class of uranium (ultra)nanocrystalline hydrides, which are ferromagnets with high ordering temperature
Historically, comprehensive studies of dilute ferromagnetic semiconductors, e.g., p-type (Cd,Mn)Te and (Ga,Mn)As, paved the way for a quantitative theoretical description of effects associated with spin-orbit interactions in solids, such as crystalline magnetic anisotropy. In particular, the theory was successful in explaining uniaxial magnetic anisotropies associated with biaxial strain and nonra
The PHENIX Collaboration at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider has measured open heavy flavor production in minimum bias Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV via the yields of electrons from semileptonic decays of charm and bottom hadrons. Previous heavy flavor electron measurements indicated substantial modification in the momentum distribution of the parent heavy quarks owing to the quark-gluon plas
Radiological staging of rectal cancer dictates subsequent patienttreatment. In early-stage disease, local excision is associatedwith reduced morbidity, mortality, and costs, and maintainsbowel continuity compared with surgery, where the whole orpart of the rectum is resected1–3. Nearly 90 per cent of patientswith T1 rectal cancer have N0 disease and are therefore potentially curable with local res
The invariant yields, dN/dy, for J/ψ production at forward rapidity (1.2<|y|<2.2) in U+U collisions at sNN=193GeV have been measured as a function of collision centrality. The invariant yields and nuclear-modification factor RAA are presented and compared with those from Au+Au collisions in the same rapidity range. Additionally, the direct ratio of the invariant yields from U+U and Au+Au collision
Background: Instant messaging platforms seem to positively contribute to adolescent emotional well-being. However, some scholars show a link between the use of these platforms and negative emotional experiences.These emotions could be perceived as even more overwhelming for certain subgroups of adolescents, such as those who engage in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), and lead to self-injury to dea
The production of (anti-)deuteron and (anti-)He3 nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV has been studied using the ALICE detector at the LHC. The spectra exhibit a significant hardening with increasing centrality. Combined blast-wave fits of several particles support the interpretation that this behavior is caused by an increase of radial flow. The integrated particle yields are discussed in t
Measurements of the fractional momentum loss (Sloss≡δpT/pT) of high-transverse-momentum-identified hadrons in heavy-ion collisions are presented. Using π0 in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at sNN=62.4 and 200 GeV measured by the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and and charged hadrons in Pb+Pb collisions measured by the ALICE experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, we studied
High resolution observations with ALMA have revealed that concentric rings and gaps are common features in protoplanetary disks. The favored mechanism for creating these substructures are planet-disk interactions, in which growing planets open gaps in the disk, and particles become trapped at the pressure maxima that form at the corresponding gap edges. Since the particle density in these pressure
Between 1980 and 2000, a number of Sub-Saharan African countries entered into conditional structural adjustment lending arrangements with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in response to economic crisis and decline. Despite the fact that the crises had been due in part to long-term overdependence on primary sector activities, such as cash crop agriculture and natural resource extraction, many
Concerns have been raised over the quality of evidence on the performance of medical artificial intelligence devices, including devices that are already on the market in the USA and Europe. Recently, the Medical Device Regulation, which aims to set high standards of safety and quality, has become applicable in the European Union. The aim of this article is to discuss whether, and how, the Medical
Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine how attitudes toward the return of genomic research results vary internationally. Methods: We analyzed the “Your DNA, Your Say” online survey of public perspectives on genomic data sharing including responses from 36,268 individuals across 22 low-, middle-, and high-income countries, and these were gathered in 15 languages. We analyzed how participan
