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Two relatives, a 61-year-old man and the 21-year-old grandson of his sister, suffered from bilateral visual loss and were diagnosed with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy. In both cases, the diagnosis was molecularly confirmed with the 11778 mitochondrial mutation. MRI showed increased T2 signal not only in the optic nerves and chiasm but also in the optic tracts, extending to the lateral genicula

Due to increased market orientation and deregulation, welfare services in Sweden have taken on the form of market-based services. The body of research on deregulation and privatization is quite substantial regarding the implications of this kind of development. However, studies of the actual process of how choices are made are less common. This article discusses the implications of greater freedom

The paper considers a problem of minimizing the total number of labels that are necessary to realize a given set of end-to-end connections in a GMPLS transport network where traffic is handled by means of Label Switched Paths-connections established using the label switching principle. The problem is important for the networks where labels are a scarce/expensive resource, like in optical networks.

Popular Abstract in Swedish Tänk dig ett system som kan bestämma hur olika typer av luftpartiklar skadar oss när dom hamnar i våra lungor. Ett system som dessutom kan skapa luftpartiklar för dessa studier vid behov och med väl uppmätta egenskaper. Denna avhandling handlar om just ett sådant system och experiment som är viktiga för att förstå om och hur det fungerar. Systemet kallas i denna avhandlExposure to nano-sized and nanostructured aerosol particles with tailored properties are likely to increase in society. Occupational exposure to various kinds of nanostructured aerosol particles such as soot and metal aggregates already exists. To understand the adverse human health effects of these particles, there is a need for systems that can Generate a stable output of aerosol particles, Char

Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains anchored to core proteins form proteoglycans, widely distributed cell-surface macromolecules with multiple functions, such as regulation of growth factor and cytokine signaling, cell-cell interactions, and uptake of biomolecules. The biosynthesis of GAG can be manipulated by xylosides attached to various hydrophobic groups, and we have earlier reported that a naphtho

The authors were requested to analyse the frequency of shoulder surgery at the different orthopaedic units of Sweden and to propose national indications according to evidence in literature.(nko.se) Three main groups of shoulder disorders were studied: subacromial pain, shoulder instability and pain caused by degenerative glenohumeral pathology. About 6500 shoulders were operatively treated in Swed

Valdivia Bank (VB) is a Late Cretaceous oceanic plateau formed by volcanism from the Tristan-Gough hotspot at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). To better understand its origin and evolution, magnetic data were used to generate a magnetic anomaly grid, which was inverted to determine crustal magnetization. The magnetization model reveals quasi-linear polarity zones crossing the plateau and following ex

Forskare och praktiker betonar alltmer vikten av tvärvetenskapliga och experimentella sätt att förstå och bemöta hållbarhetsutmaningar. Det finns en bred enighet om att samhället måste genomgå djupa och radikala förändringar, alltså omvandling (transformation). Men detta berorpå många dynamiska faktorer i lokala sammanhang. I denna avhandling utforskar jag hur man kan främja experimentella tvärvetScholars and practitioners increasingly emphasize the importance of transdisciplinary and experimental approaches for understanding and addressing sustainability challenges. While there is widespread agreement that human society must undergo deep and radical changes, or so-called transformation, how transformation happens depends on multiple and dynamic factors in local contexts. In this thesis, I

The abundance of refractory elements in giant planets can provide key insights into their formation histories1. Owing to the low temperatures of the Solar System giants, refractory elements condense below the cloud deck, limiting sensing capabilities to only highly volatile elements2. Recently, ultra-hot giant exoplanets have allowed for some refractory elements to be measured, showing abundances

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are the most versatile and successful gene delivery systems, notably highlighted by their use in vaccines against COVID-19. LNPs have a well-defined core–shell structure, each region with its own distinctive compositions, suited for a wide range of in vivo delivery applications. Here, we discuss how a detailed knowledge of LNP structure can guide LNP formulation to impro

Information relating to errors in evapotranspiration (ET) products, including satellite-derived ET products, is critical to their application but often challenging to obtain, with a limited number of flux towers available for the sufficient validation of measurements. Triple collocation (TC) methods can assess the inherent uncertainties of the above ET products using just three independent variabl

How should scarce health-related resources be allocated? This paper argues that values that apply to these decisions fail to always fully determine what we should do. Health maximization and allocation-according-to-need are suggested as two values that should be part of a general theory of how to allocate health-related resources. The "small improvement argument"is used to argue that it is implaus

We present an angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy study of the single-layer T∗-type structured cuprate SmLa1-xSrxCuO4 with unique fivefold pyramidal oxygen coordination. Upon varying oxygen content, T∗-SmLa1-xSrxCuO4 evolved from a Mott-insulating to a metallic state where the Luttinger sum rule breaks down under the assumption of a large holelike Fermi surface. This is in contrast with the