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Det nuvarande substantiella testet i EUs regim för koncentrationskontroll infördes år 2004 i syfte att täcka koncentrationer mellan företag som påtagligt skulle hämma den effektiva konkurrensen på marknaden utan att skapa eller förstärka en dominant position. Koncentrationer som ger upphov till sådana så kallade icke-samordnade effekter uppkommer typiskt sett på oligopolmarknader, varför den uppleThe existing substantive test in EU merger control was adopted in 2004 with the aim of covering concentrations between undertakings which would significantly impede effective competition in the market without creating or strengthening a dominant position. Concentrations giving rise to such so- called unilateral effects typically take place in oligopolistic markets, which is why the perceived gap i

The social dimension of sustainability has received increased attention in recent years as its importance for sustainable development in urban environments has been recognized. In urban regions, where land available for development is limited, municipalities may find themselves planning for areas situated within their municipality border and jurisdiction but that might be in proximity of, or direc

Digitaliseringen har i stor utsträckning revolutionerat sättet som företagen gör affärer på. Det finns inte längre samma behov av fysiska platser för affärsverksamheter eftersom teknologin har skapat virtuella platser där företag kan sälja både varor och tjänster utan att överhuvudtaget sätta en fot i jurisdiktionen. Emellertid har reglerna om fast driftställe alltsedan 1920-talet präglats av att The digitalisation has largely revolutionized the way companies do business. There is no longer the same need for physical locations for businesses for the reason that technology has created virtual locations where companies can sell both goods and services without even setting foot in the jurisdiction. However, the rules on permanent establishment have, ever since the 1920’s, been characterized b

Den svenska straffprocessen bygger på principen om fri bevisprövning, enligt vilken det inte ska finnas några rättsliga begränsningar av vilken bevisning som får läggas fram eller normer för hur denna ska värderas. Principen omfattar även bevisning som åtkommits på ett sätt som strider mot någon lag eller rättighet. Det finns dock situationer där användningen av sådan bevisning kränker rätten tillSwedish criminal procedure is based on the principle that there should be no legal limitations on the admissibility of evidence and no rules governing the evaluation of evidence. The principle equally covers evidence obtained illegally. There are, however, cases where the use of such evidence violates the right to a fair trial as guaranteed by the European Convention on Human Rights. For this reas

The aim of this paper is to discuss and explore how cultural ecosystem services are identified and valued within a Swedish municipal urban planning context, which services are specifically of interest and how the identification and valuation are used. The paper will analyze identification tools provided by public organizations and consultants. For this purpose, literature and research within the s

Användningen av DNA-släktforskningsdatabaser i brottsutredande syfte är en nyfunnen utredningsmetod för svensk brottsbekämpande verksamhet. Utredningsmetoden innebär att gärningsmän kan spåras genom jämförelser mellan DNA-spår från brottsplatser och uppgifter i kommersiella släktforskningsdatabaser. Metoden introducerades för första gången i Sverige år 2018 i samband med utredningen av ett av landThe use of genealogical databases in purposes of criminal investigation is a newfound method in Swedish law enforcement, meaning that a perpetrator can be traced and identified by searching the DNA profile found at a crime scene against DNA profiles in commercial genealogical databases. The method was introduced for the first time in Sweden in 2018, in connection with one of the country’s most com

This paper examines the state of public transportation in the swedish county of Scania during the Covid-19 pandemic. Through travel statistics from the agency that runs the county’s transit network (Skånetrafiken) it is concluded that travel numbers have decreased dramatically during the pandemic. Two employees at Skånetrafiken are interviewed and asked about what measures the agency has taken dur

Denna uppsats analyserar tryckeriverksamheten och utgivningen vid biskop Johannes Rudbeckius och domkapitlets tryckeri i Västerås under perioden 1621–1646. Uppsatsens syfte är att kartlägga tryckeriverksamheten utifrån parametrarna boktryckare, genre, tryckerimärken, format, papper, typsnitt och språk. Genom en bibliografisk analys av tryckproduktionen undersöks eventuella mönster i utgivningen. I

In 2014, Trelleborg municipality pointed out tät blandstad (the compact city) to be the main strategy for the city’s future development. This work addresses the common Swedish planning strategy, towards the compact city through densification strategies, with a focus on density and diversity and the relationship between them. This is done with a broad example of literature referring to quality of l

Because of climate change, rising sea levels in Kristianstad Municipality is more urgent than ever. Sea levels around Scania are estimated to rise more than 2,5 meters in 80 years considering that they are currently rising with 3,2 mm per year. This can lead to erosion and more frequent floods, which in turn can alter beach areas and nearby housing. Kristianstad has an excessive risk of being affe

This thesis focuses on the impact the COVID-19 pandemic has had on the public transportation network in the Scania region of Sweden during its first year, as well as conducting an informative discussion into how human behaviour has changed during the course of the pandemic and how the underlying effect of it relates to the research question. It poses passenger data collected from Skånetrafiken an

This study centered around the benefits and risks linked to waterfront development in relation to climate adaptation strategies in the Swedish municipality Ystad. In order to do this a variety of theories concerning climate adaptation, the benefits of coastal building and the risks of coastal building was used to create a comprehensive framework for the study as a whole. As for the methods, a docu

The Swedish government has a regional goal to become free of fossil fuel and to only use renewable energy sources in their energy production before the year 2040, they identify wind power as the main key to achieve their national wide goal. Wind farm planning however does not always produce a friction free development process and the question of who must live close to these wind farms arise. The a

Denna uppsats utreder kupongskattelagens reglering av missbruksarrangemang och problematiserar dess tillräcklighet utifrån de EU- rättsliga och skatteavtalsrättsliga krav som kan ställas på regleringens utformning. I nuläget används bulvanregeln i kupongskattelagen som ett sätt att hindra kringgående av kupongskatt. Finansdepartementet har emellertid i en nyligen publicerad promemoria föreslagit aThis essay examines the Swedish withholding tax regulation considering tax avoidance arrangements. It identifies potential issues connected to its sufficiency on the basis of requirements deriving from EU law and bilateral tax conventions. At present, an anti-abuse rule is set out in the Swedish Coupon Tax Act in order to prevent withholding tax evasion. However, the Ministry of Finance suggests h

This case study focuses on the municipality of Helsingborg and their planning process in Oceanhamnen to include young adults between 19-25 years. The results were analysed and compared with my empirical research and interviews from municipal officials. My empirical research is mainly based on public documents compiled by the municipality of Helsingborg. The documents I used as a starting point was

Marknadsmissbruksförordningen (MAR) trädde i kraft den 3 juli 2016 och ersatte det tidigare marknadsmissbruksdirektivet (MAD). MAR innehåller bland annat skyldigheten att offentliggöra insiderinformation. Enligt artikel 17 (1) MAR ska en emittent så snart som möjligt informera allmänheten om insiderinformation, som direkt berör denne. Emittenten ska vidare se till att insiderinformation offentliggThe Market Abuse Regulation (MAR) came into force on 3 July 2016 and replaced the previous Market Abuse Directive (MAD). Among the obligations regulated by MAR, there is a duty for the issuer to publish inside information. According to article 17 (1) MAR, the issuer is obligated to inform the public concerning inside information directly affecting the issuer as soon as possible. The issuer must al

Beskattning av den digitala ekonomin har varit en av de mest centrala delarna i den internationella skattekontexten under det senaste decenniet. Digitaliseringen har gett upphov till nya affärsmodeller som har lett till ett ökat tryck på det internationella skattesystemet som inrättades på 1920-talet. Eftersom dagens internationella skatteregler inte har anpassats till den digitala affärsmiljön, fThe taxation of the digital economy has been the leading topic in the area of international taxation in the last decade. The ongoing digitalisation has introduced new business models which have led to increased pressure on the international tax system, which was established in the 1920s. As today’s international tax rules have not kept pace with the unique conditions linked to digital business mod

Den svenska mutbrottslagstiftningen gör i dagsläget ingen skillnad på om en muttransaktion sker inom offentlig eller privat verksamhet. Den hållningen har kritiserats av bland annat Madeleine Leijonhufvud eftersom två olika skyddsintressen regleras generellt i en och samma bestämmelse. Vidare har lagstiftningen kritiserats eftersom korruption inom offentlig verksamhet har ansetts vara mer allvarliThe Swedish bribery legislation currently makes no difference between bribery within the public or private sector. This has been criticized by, among others, Madeleine Leijonhufvud because two different interests are protected under the same provision. Furthermore, the legislation has been criticized because corruption within the public sector has been considered more serious than within the priva

Strategic planning is meant to guide for the long-term, which makes it vulnerable to trends in urban planning. If a trend or a theory is not researched for the typology where it will be used, the consequences will be unknown. This makes it important to understand how planners translate academic theories into strategies for local planning. By researching the municipality of Borås, Sweden, through i

Sexualbrottsmål där barn är målsägande hanteras i viss mån annorlunda än sexualbrottsmål där målsägande är vuxen. Bland annat görs avsteg från vissa processuella principer till förmån för barnets hälsa men även andra faktorer inverkar på hur domstolen hanterar den bevisning som presenteras. Eftersom rätten består av människor har också subjektiva uppfattningar alltid inflytande på bevisvärderingenCases of sexual abuse are in some aspects conducted differently in the judicial system when the plaintiff is a child, compared to the same type of crimes against an adult. Some procedural principles are put aside in favor of the mental health of the child and other factors affect the manner in which the evidence is treated. Furthermore, as the court consists of people, the subjective brain will al