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BACKGROUND: A comprehensive overview of treatments of common fractures is missing, although it would be important for shared decision-making in clinical practice. The aim was to determine benefits and harms of surgical compared to non-surgical treatments for traumatic skeletal fractures. METHODS: We searched Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and CENTRAL until November 2018, for randomized t

Inorganic perovskites display an enticing foreground for their wide range of optoelectronic applications. Recently, supercrystals (SCs) of inorganic perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have been reported to possess highly ordered structure as well as novel collective optical properties, opening new opportunities for efficient films. Here, we report the large-scale assembly control of spherical, cubic, a

Factor I (FI) is one of the main inhibitors of complement activity, and numerous rare coding variants have been reported in patients with age-related macular degeneration, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome and C3 glomerulopathy. Since many of these variants are of unknown clinical significance, this study aimed to determine the effect of rare coding variants in the complement factor I (CFI) gene

As the hardest tissue formed by vertebrates, enamel represents nature's engineering masterpiece with complex organizations of fibrous apatite crystals at the nanometer scale. Supramolecular assemblies of enamel matrix proteins (EMPs) play a key role as the structural scaffolds for regulating mineral morphology during enamel development. However, to achieve maximum tissue hardness, most organic con

Acute leukemia refers to a group of aggressive hematological malignancies of myeloid and lymphoid lineages termed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) respectively. Acute leukemia is characterized by the presence of underlying genetic aberrations which alter the biology of normal hematopoietic cells resulting in the accumulation of immature abnormally differentiated blast

The foundations of silk spinning, the structure, storage, and activation of silk proteins, remain highly debated. By combining solution small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering (SANS and SAXS) alongside circular dichroism (CD), we reveal a shape anisotropy of the four principal native spider silk feedstocks from Nephila edulis. We show that these proteins behave in solution like elongated semiflex

Oxidative stress is associated with many renal disorders, both acute and chronic, and has also been described to contribute to the disease progression. Therefore, oxidative stress is a potential therapeutic target. The human antioxidant α1-microglobulin (A1M) is a plasma and tissue protein with heme-binding, radical-scavenging and reductase activities. A1M can be internalized by cells, localized t

Human cystatin C (HCC), a cysteine-protease inhibitor, exists as a folded monomer under physiological conditions but has the ability to self-assemble via domain swapping into multimeric states, including oligomers with a doughnut-like structure. The structure of the monomeric HCC has been solved by X-ray crystallography, and a covalently linked version of HCC (stab-1 HCC) is able to form stable ol

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether exposure to cardiovascular medications and statins is associated with increased risk of giant cell arteritis (GCA). DESIGN: The population-based case-control study comprised a cohort of patients with biopsy-confirmed GCA linked to the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register to identify all exposure to drugs prior to diagnosis of GCA. Ten controls per GCA case, matched for

Vertical III-V nanowire MOSFETs have demonstrated excellent performance including high transconductance and high Ion. One main bottleneck for the vertical MOSFETs is the large access resistance arising from the contacts and ungated regions. We demonstrate a process to reduce the access resistance by combining a gate-last process with ALD gate-metal deposition. The devices demonstrate fully scalabl

Sorted L-One Penalized Estimator (SLOPE) is a relatively new convex optimization procedure for selecting predictors in high dimensional regression analyses. SLOPE extends LASSO by replacing the L1 penalty norm with a Sorted L1 norm, based on the non-increasing sequence of tuning parameters. This allows SLOPE to adapt to unknown sparsity and achieve an asymptotic minimax convergency rate under a wi

Two new bands have been identified in 137Nd from a high-statistics JUROGAM II gamma-ray spectroscopy experiment. Constrained density functional theory and particle rotor model calculations are used to assign configurations and investigate the band properties, which are well described and understood. It is demonstrated that these two new bands can be interpreted as chiral partners of previously kno

Within the homologous series of amphiphilic peptides AnK, both A8K and A10K self-assemble in water to form twisted ribbon fibrils with lengths around 100 nm. The structure of the fibrils can be described in terms of twisted β-sheets extending in the direction of the fibrils, laminated to give a constant cross section of 4 nm by 8 nm. The finite width of the twisted ribbons can be reasonably explai

Magnetic topological insulators (TIs) with nontrivial topological electronic structure and broken time-reversal symmetry exhibit various exotic topological quantum phenomena. The realization of such exotic phenomena at high temperature is one of the central topics in this area. We reveal that MnBi6Te10 is a magnetic TI with an antiferromagnetic ground state below 10.8 K whose nontrivial topology i

A fuel mass estimation method for short pilot diesel injections is proposed and analyzed in this article. Previous studies showed that the pilot misfire ratio was more strongly correlated with the fuel mass than the on-time. This characteristic is exploited for the fuel mass estimation in a region where it is otherwise challenging to get good estimation accuracy due to the low signal-to-noise rati

Since spring 2019 an experimental setup consisting of an electron spectrometer and an ion time-of-flight mass spectrometer for diluted samples has been available for users at the FinEstBeAMS beamline of the MAX IV Laboratory in Lund, Sweden. The setup enables users to study the interaction of atoms, molecules, (molecular) microclusters and nanoparticles with short-wavelength (vacuum ultraviolet an

Growing concerns for environmental issues and product safety for users have shifted research interests towards the use of renewable resources and climate-neutral processes. The enzymatic approach having high selectivity under mild reaction conditions is promising, and the nature-originating products are well accepted. Alkyl glycosides (AGs) consisting of fatty alcohol and sugar are nonionic surfac

Robot-assisted and open retropubic radical prostatectomy have comparable oncological outcome 6 yr after surgery. However, for high-risk patients, we observed a significant benefit for robotics regarding recurrence rate. Longer follow-up time is needed to make a firm conclusion and to evaluate a possible survival benefit for either of the surgical approaches.