Search results

Filter

Filetype

Your search for "*" yielded 550493 hits

The Compatibility of Limitation on Benefits Provisions in Tax Treaties with EC Law

Most bilateral tax treaties contain provisions with the objective of preventing different types of treaty abuse. Limitation on benefits clauses are an example of such provisions, and are generally found in United States tax treaties. These include various tests, which need to be fulfilled by a taxpayer wishing to enjoy the benefits of a tax treaty. Most of the United States tax treaties with EU Me

Det svenska bodelningsinstitutet; särskilt om jämkning i ett nordiskt perspektiv

I normalfallet medför bodelning vid äktenskapsskillnad att parterna skall tilldelas hälften var ur boet. Är skillnaden mellan makarnas förmögenheter stor blir därmed resultatet av en bodelning att den ena maken ''förlorar'' mycket medan den andra maken ''vinner'' en ansenlig del. Har äktenskapet varit långvarigt och har makarnas ekonomier till följd därav sammanblan

The Role of the European Court of Justice in the Protection of Fundamental rights - A Satisfactory System of Human Rights Protection ?

The Court of Justice's ability to enforce a satisfactory system of human rights protection for the European Union has been questioned over the years and still is today. For, despite the changing and increasingly improved status of fundamental rights within the Community legal order, the development of the general principles doctrine and fundamental rights are subject to a number of criticisms.

Konkurrensklausuler i anställningsavtal

Konkurrensklausuler i anställningsavtal har på senare år blivit en allt vanligare företeelse på den svenska arbetsmarknaden. En konkurrensklausul har till syfte att förhindra spridning av företagshemligheter och företagsspecifikt kunnande efter anställningens upphörande. Klausulen begränsar arbetstagarens möjligheter att ta anställning hos en konkurrent till den före detta arbetsgivaren, eller att

Mervärdesbeskattning av subventioner

Det huvudsakliga syftet med mervärdesskatten är av en fiskal karaktär, dvs. att finansiera den offentliga verksamheten. Syftet för utformningen av mervärdesskatten är att den ska fungera som en konsumtionsskatt. Mervärdesskatten ska vara avdragsgill genom hela konsumtionskedjan fram till den slutgiltige konsumenten som ska bära skatten. Då mervärdesskatten är en konsumtionsskatt passar subventione

Relationen mellan Due Diligence och garantier vid företagsöverlåtelser

Förvärvsavtalen vid företagsförvärv är ofta mycket omfattande rättsliga instrument i vilka parterna så långt som möjligt söker reglera sina inbördes förhållanden med anledning av transaktionen. Parterna vill med en uttömmande reglering avtalsvägen mellan parterna skapa förutsägbarhet, något som får anses vara vanligt i merparten av kommersiella sammanhang. Redan vid avtalsslutet strävar parterna e

The Water Framework Directive - the effectiveness of the law implementing the Water Framework Directive in England and Wales

The Water Framework Directive adopted in December 2000 was to be implemented by the Member States within three years. It requires a holistic approach to be taken towards water resource management and obligates Member States to implement measures that will achieve a general water quality of ''good status'' by 2015. The legal mechanisms required to implement the measures were therefo

Produktansvaret gentemot konsumenter - En komparativ undersökning mellan USA och Sverige

Denna uppsats syftar till att beskriva och jämföra det utomobligatoriska strikta produktansvaret i USA och i Sverige. Många har hört talas om de enorma skadeståndsbelopp som ett flertal gånger har dömts ut till enskilda personer i USA, på grund av personskador orsakade av bristfälliga produkter. Varför det inte ser ut på samma sätt i Sverige och vilka skillnader som föreligger mellan länderna är i

Internationella brottmålsdomstolen - en garanti för rättvisa?

Trots att tanken på en internationell domstol funnits sedan första världskrigets slut dröjde det ytterligare nästan 80 år innan den blev förverkligad. Vid arbetet av uppförandet av domstolen användes i stor utsträckning de två ad- hoc-domstolar som hanterat brott begångna under konflikterna i forna Jugoslavien och i Rwanda som förebilder. Men medan de två nämnda tribunalerna sattes upp genom FN-ma

Honeybee navigation: critically examining the role of the polarization compass

Although it is widely accepted that honeybees use the polarized-light pattern of the sky as a compass for navigation, there is little direct evidence that this information is actually sensed during flight. Here, we ask whether flying bees can obtain compass cues derived purely from polarized light, and communicate this information to their nest-mates through the 'waggle dance'. Bees, from an obser

Sunnybrook and House-Brackmann Systems in 5397 Facial Gradings

Objectives. To study the correlation between Sunnybrook and House-Brackmann facial grading systems at different time points during the course of peripheral facial palsy. Study Design. Prospective multicenter trial. Setting. Seventeen otorhinolaryngological centers. Subjects and Methods. Data are part of the Scandinavian Bell's palsy study. The facial function of 1920 patients with peripheral facia

Regulation of Autoimmunity and Inflammation by microRNAs and Environmental Factors

Tolerance is crucial for maintaining immunological balance and avoid autoimmune diseases like type 1 diabetes and the inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis (UC). In Study I, we have investigated the regulatory role of a class of noncoding RNAs, the miRNAs, during thymocyte development of the where central tolerance is established. We used the non-obese diabetic mouse (NOD) which is spon

Smooth 2-D frequency estimation using covariance fitting

In this paper, we introduce a non-parametric 2-D spectral estimator for smooth spectra, allowing for irregularly sampled measurements. The estimate is formed by assuming that the spectrum is smooth and will vary slowly over the frequency grids, such that the spectral density inside any given rectangle in the spectral grid may be approximated well as a plane. Using this framework, the 2-D spectrum

Elementary and macroscopic light-induced currents and their Ca(2+)-dependence in the photoreceptors of Periplaneta americana

In a microvillar photoreceptor, absorption of an incident photon initiates a phototransduction reaction that generates a depolarizing light-induced current (LIC) in the microvillus. Although in-depth knowledge about these processes in photoreceptors of the fruitfly Drosophila is available, not much is known about their nature in other insect species. Here, we present description of some basic prop

Structural characterisation of human galectin-4 N-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain in complex with glycerol, lactose, 3 '-sulfo-lactose, and 2 '-fucosyllactose

Galectin-4 is a tandem-repeat galectin with two distinct carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD). Galectin-4 is expressed mainly in the alimentary tract and is proposed to function as a lipid raft and adherens junction stabilizer by its glycan cross-linking capacity. Galectin-4 plays divergent roles in cancer and inflammatory conditions, either promoting or inhibiting each disease progression, depe

Long-term sustained remission in a cohort study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: choice of remission criteria.

Remission is a widely accepted goal for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but has to be sustained to arrest joint damage and disability. However, appropriate criteria for the assessment of sustained remission in long-term studies are not established. Therefore, we have compared the disease activity score calculated on 28 joints (DAS28) remission criterion, the Simplified Disease Activity Inde

Social capital, desire to increase physical activity and leisure-time physical activity: A population-based study.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the associations between social capital (trust) and leisure-time physical activity. STUDY DESIGN: The 2004 Public Health Survey in Skåne is a cross-sectional study. METHODS: In total, 27,757 individuals aged 18-80 years answered a postal questionnaire (59% participation). Logistic regression models were used to investigate the associations between trust, desire to incr