We consider the decoding of LDPC codes in presence of non-Gaussian noise, especially a set of ¿-mixture models. For each of these models, the optimal LLRs are presented. We study the performance degradation due to the use of incorrect LLR in presence of a given noise model. Without modifying the existing LDPC decoder, we propose robust initial LLR which require minimum knowledge about the underly

Abstract is not available

State formation in Europe and, more precisely, the nature and development of the early modern type of state, is the focus of this book. The study of state formation has, in recent years, been heavily influenced by the works of Charles Tilly and his followers, who stress international military competition as the driving force in the development of the European states and state system, creating stro

This project deals with the analysis of antennas for mobiles and terminals in the form of a patch element on a grounded substrate. A special case of this antenna element is the PIFA-element. The analysis is based on the propagator method, a vector generalisation of the transmission line theory, that has been extended to the analysis of surface waves in inhomogeneous permittivity profiles. Analyses

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The aim of the present work is to describe the semantics and the discursive functions from a general cognitivist point of view of the usage of the Present Perfect in the spoken Spanish of Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay. It is argued that cross-linguistic values that prevailing theories often ascribe to perfect, such as continuity, current relevance and recency to the speech time –ST– do not offer a c

Popular Abstract in Swedish Grupp B streptokocker (GBS; Streptococcus agalactiae) är den vanligaste orsaken till livs-hotande infektioner hos nyfödda barn. Enbart i USA orsakar GBS ~10 000 fall av meningit (hjärnhinneinflammation), pneumoni (lunginflammation) och sepsis (blodförgiftning) varje år. Infektionerna har hög dödlighet och en stor del av de barn som överlever infektionerna får bestående Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus) and the group B streptococcus (GBS) are two important human pathogens that cause different types of diseases and express different surface structures implicated in virulence. This thesis focuses on several surface proteins expressed by these pathogens, analyzing the biological function of these proteins and their ability to elicit protective immunity.

A limited Round Robin test has been carried out with different types of foot models. Eight laboratories carried out the tests. The foot models varied in sizes from 254 to 275 mm, representing boot sizes from 41 to 44. Tests with both a bare foot and sock were carried out at about +20 °C and 50% RH. The boots, a thin rubber and a winter boot, were tested at about +5 °C and 85% RH. The conditioning

In this book, ten doctoral students share and discuss a number of metho- dological concerns they have faced in the process of doing research. In the first part, “Capturing the field,” the contributors grapple over issues regarding how to define and demarcate the field of research, for instance in studies on immigrant organizations, red light districts on the Internet, and telephone interviewing. I