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The Giardia lamblia virus (GLV) is a non-enveloped icosahedral dsRNA and endosymbiont virus that infects the zoonotic protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis (syn. G. lamblia, G. intestinalis), which is a pathogen of mammals, including humans. Elucidating the transmission mechanism of GLV is crucial for gaining an in-depth understanding of the virulence of the virus in G. duodenalis. GLV belongs to

Forskningen är ännu i sin linda, men i studie efter studie visar sig hallucinogena substanser kunna lindra depression, beroende och trauma. Ämnen som psilocybin och DMT, vilka förekommer naturligt i vissa svampar och plantor, ser ut att kunna bidra till nya genombrott i hjärnforskningen såväl som till ökat välmående för individen. Samtidigt är lagstiftningen lika hård som mot högst skadliga och be

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to analyze changes in serum markers of bone turnover across multiple decades in osteoporotic women compared with nonosteoporotic controls, to determine their utility as potential predictors for osteoporosis. Early prediction of those at risk for osteoporosis can enable early intervention before the irreversible loss of critical bone mass.METHODS: Serum samp

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of bone mineral density (BMD) abnormalities involves dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), but few patients complete this after a fragility fracture. The assessment of BMD using Hounsfield unit (HU) measurements from computed tomography (CT) scans has been correlated with DXA results in previous studies. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between shoulder CT HU and DX

OBJECTIVES: To correlate femoral neck Hounsfield units (HUs) measured on a computed tomography (CT) scan to dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) T-scores allowing evaluation of bone mineral density (BMD) over time after lower extremity trauma-related amputation.DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study.SETTING: United States military trauma referral center.PATIENTS: Military combat-related lower extre

UNLABELLED: Colon cancer screening occurs at younger ages than osteoporosis screening. Bone density measurements using virtual colonoscopy performed for colon cancer screening can provide an early warning sign of patients at potential risk for osteoporosis-related fractures. Earlier identification may improve treatment and potentially fracture prevention.INTRODUCTION: Opportunistic osteoporosis sc

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort.OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study to determine the correlation between Hounsfield unit (HU) measurements from the C4 vertebral body and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) T-score.SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Recent attention has turned to the utilization of HU measurements from computed tomography (CT) as a potential screening method for low bone minera

OBJECTIVE: One of leptin's main targets in the hypothalamus are neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons, with selective deletion of leptin receptors (Lepr) specifically in Npy neurons resulting in major alterations of energy partitioning between fat and bone mass. However, the specific action of these Npy+/Lepr+ neurons compared to Npy-negative Lepr (Npy-/Lepr+) neurons in regard to energy homeostasis regula

BACKGROUND: Central sensitization has been suggested as an explanation of the wide range of gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms commonly seen in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In this study, the presence and level of central sensitization, and its association to gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms were explored in IBS in comparison with control groups.METHODS: We investigated patients with I

INTRODUCTION: The gerontological literature suggests that external housing-related control beliefs (HCB) influence activities of daily living (ADL) among older people, but knowledge is scarce for people with Parkinson's disease (PD). This longitudinal study aimed to explore the directions of the relationship between external HCB and ADL among people with PD.METHODS: Baseline (T1) and 3-year follow

BACKGROUND: Quantifying bone mineral density (BMD) on CT using commercial software demonstrates good-to-excellent correlations with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) results. However, previous techniques to measure Hounsfield units (HUs) within the proximal femur demonstrate less successful correlation with DEXA results. An effective method of measuring HUs of the proximal femur from CT colo

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Female mice are often excluded from diet-induced obesity studies as they are more resistant to the obesifying effects of a high-fat diet (HFD). However, the underlying mechanisms behind this sex disparity may actually have important implications for the development and management of obesity in humans. Therefore, we systematically investigated the immediate sex-specific effect

East Coast Fever is a devastating African cattle disease caused by the apicomplexan parasite, Theileria parva. Little is known about the cell surface, and few proteins have been identified. Here, we take an in silico approach to identify novel cell surface proteins, and predict the structure of four key proteins.

PURPOSE: Distal ulnar Hounsfield unit (HU) measurements obtained from computed tomography (CT) scans of the wrist can be used to accurately screen for low bone mineral density. It is unknown whether HU measurements can also predict the risk of future fragility fractures. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if the HU values of the distal ulna correlate to fragility fracture risk.M

BACKGROUND: Individuals with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) have altered number and distribution of retinal macrophages and show changes in circulating antibodies. We wanted to investigate the corresponding precursors, with subpopulations. We therefore measured monocyte and B-lymphocyte populations in individuals with neovascular AMD.DESIGN: This was an observational case-contr

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is a costly and morbid disease with the first presentation often with a fragility fracture. The purpose of this study was to assess whether Hounsfield unit (HU) measurements on shoulder computed tomography could identify patients at risk of osteoporosis and aid in its diagnosis.METHODS: We identified patients who had both a computed tomography scan of the glenoid and a dua

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency with which osteoporosis topics (screening, medical treatment, and fracture prevention) are presented at national hand surgery meetings. This was compared with the frequency of the same topics presented at the Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) annual meetings.METHODS: The annual meeting programs for the American Society for Surger

BACKGROUND: Hounsfield unit (HU) measurement obtained from computed tomography (CT) scans of the wrist is a potential new screening method for low bone mineral density (BMD). We hypothesized that HU measurements of the ulnar head obtained from CT scans would correlate with BMD assessed with dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans of the forearm.METHODS: Patients with both upper-extremity CT and DXA

BACKGROUND: The global pandemic caused by a RNA virus capable of infecting humans and animals, has resulted in millions of deaths worldwide. Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects the lungs, and the gastrointestinal tract to some extent. Rapid structural mutations have increased the virulence and infectivity of the virus drastically. One such mutated strain known as

CONTEXT/OBJECTIVES: To review the current literature to reveal the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias and its relation to spinal cord injury (SCI).DATA SOURCE: MEDLINE database, 304 hits, and 32 articles were found to be relevant. The relevant articles all met the inclusion criteria: (1) contained original data (2) on cardiac arrhythmias (3) in humans with (4) traumatic SCI.RESULTS: In the acute pha