Crisis and transformative learning in communities of practice : Semi-formal learning in CSDP during Covid-19
This article analyzes learning in the EU’s Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) by way of drawing on recent theoret- ical advancements on the concept of communities of practice (CoP) in international relations (IR). The article presents an analytical framework that distinguishes between reproductive and transformative learning in relation to levels of contestation in CoPs. To illustrate the f