A Path Computation Element (PCE) is a computing device in a network capable of calculating paths. Once a PCE receives a path computation request, the PCE is suppose to provide a response within a reasonable short time. However, computing a feasible path is not a straightforward task, since the computational problem must consider several constraints in a short time. In this paper we propose an algo

Abstract in Norwegian Hensikten med denne rapporten er å få frem kunnskap om hvordan spørsmål om mer effektiv og miljøvennlig energibruk ivaretas ved boligutbygging. Rapporten fokuserer først og fremst på institusjonelle drivkrefter og barrierer knyttet til kommunale planog byggesaksprosesser, og hvordan dette påvirker ulike aktørers praksis. Sentrale spørsmål i studien er følgende: • Hvordan ivar

Organ donation and transplantation activity in the majority of Balkan countries (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Serbia, Romania and Bulgaria) are lagging far behind international averages. Inadequate financial resources, unclear regional data and lack of governmental infrastructure are some of the issues which should be recognized to draw attention and pr

Abstract in Undetermined This article explores the potential of video activism on YouTube to form a communicative space for deliberation and dissent. It asks how commenting on activist videos can help sustain civic cultures that allow for both antagonism and inclusive political debate.

Fiftythree species are reported new to Norway, and their distribution and biology are commented on. Among the new Norwegian species, Anatella alpina Plassmann, 1977 and Trichonta tristis (Strobl, 1898) are also new to the Nordic region. The total number of species of Mycetophilidae in Norway is thus increased to 575. The majority of the species added forms an extension of the boreal taiga fauna in

Abstract in Uncoded languages Inspiracija za rad i problem(i) koji se radom oslovljava(ju): Ranija istraživanja poslijeratnih društava istakla su strukturalno nasilje sa pratećim procesima pomirenja. Autori su istakli važnost priča, ali se nisu fokusirali na priče o pomirenju niti su analizirali uvjete za pomirenje u poslijeratnim intervjuima. Ciljevi rada (naučni i/ili društveni): Cilj članka je Reason(s) for writing and research problem(s): Previous research on post-war society emphasized structural violence with subsequent reconciliation processes. Aims of the paper (scientific and/or social): Researchers have focused on the importance of narratives, but they have neither highlighted narratives about reconciliation nor analyzed conditions for reconciliation in post-war interviews. One a

We discuss the design of stated preference (SP) surveys in light of findings in behavioral economics such as context dependence of preferences, learning, and differences between revealed and normative preferences. More specifically, we discuss four different areas: (1) revealed and normative preferences, (2) learning and constructed preferences, (3) context dependence, and (4) hypothetical bias. W

Functional oxidative phosphorylation requires appropriately assembled mitochondrial respiratory complexes and their supercomplexes formed mainly of complexes I, III and IV. BCS1L is the chaperone needed to incorporate the catalytic subunit, Rieske iron-sulfur protein, into complex III at the final stage of its assembly. In cell culture studies, this subunit has been considered necessary for superc

Massive MIMO can greatly increase both spectral and transmit-energy efficiency. This is achieved by allowing the number of antennas and RF chains to grow very large. However, the challenges include high system complexity and hardware energy consumption. Here we investigate the possibilities to reduce the required number of RF chains, by performing antenna selection. While this approach is not a ve

Differential cross sections of charged particles in inelastic pp collisions as a function of pT have been measured at root s = 0.9, 2.76 and 7 TeV at the LHC. The pT spectra are compared to NLO-pQCD calculations. Though the differential cross section for an individual root s cannot be described by NLO-pQCD, the relative increase of cross section with root s is in agreement with NLO-pQCD. Based on

In this paper we generalize the electricity spot price model of Lucia and Schwartz by a two-factor model with jumps and stochastic volatility. We estimate the model on daily spot price data from the Nordic market using an approach that combines traditional statistical methods with a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. Results show that the model captures most of the trajectorial and the statistica

Background: The use of functional genomics has largely increased our understanding of cell biology and promises to help the development of systems biology needed to understand the complex order of events that regulates cellular differentiation in vivo. One model system clearly dependent on the integration of extra and intra cellular signals is the development of B-lymphocytes from hematopoietic st

We developed a clinical score to monitor tuberculosis patients in treatment and to assess clinical outcome. We used the WHO clinical manual to choose signs and symptoms, including cough, haemoptysis, dyspnoea, chest pain, night sweating, anaemia, tachycardia, lung-auscultation finding, fever, low body-mass index, low mid-upper arm circumference giving patients a TBscore from 0 to 13. We validated

The mevalonate pathway synthetizes cholesterol, steroid hormones, and non-steriod isoprenoids necessary for cell survival. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) is the rate-limiting enzyme of the mevalonate pathway and the target for statin treatment. HMGCR expression in breast tumors has recently been proposed to hold prognostic and treatment-predictive information. This study a

High level galectin-1 expression results in cancer cell evasion of the immune response, increased tumour survival and aggressive metastases. Using a galectin-1 polyclonal antibody, high levels of galectin-1 protein were shown to be expressed by breast cancer cells established from FVB/N MMTV-c-neu mice as well as by the B16F10 melanoma cell line. In mixed lymphocyte cultures using tumour cells as

The global surgery workforce is in crisis in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The shortage of surgery, obstetrics, and anesthesia providers is an important cause of the unmet need for surgical care in LMICs. The goal of this paper is to summarize the available literature about surgical physicians in LMICs and to describe ongoing initiatives to supplement the existing surgical workfor

Sparsely sampled diffusion processes, in this paper interpreted as data sampled sparsely in time relative to the time constant, is a challenging statistical problem. Most approximations of the transition kernel are derived under the assumption that data is frequently sampled and these approximations are often severely biased for sparsely sampled data. Monte Carlo methods can be used for this probl

The structure of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) made by mild acid hydrolysis from cotton linter, flax fibres and sulphite or kraft cooked wood pulp was studied and compared with the structure of the starting materials. Crystallinities and the length and the width of the cellulose crystallites were determined by wide-angle X-ray scattering and the packing and the cross-sectional shape of the micr

Molecular sensing in the lingual mucosa and in the gastro-intestinal tract play a role in the detection of ingested harmful drugs and toxins. Therefore, genetic polymorphisms affecting the capability of initiating these responses may be critical for the subsequent efficiency of avoiding and/or eliminating possible threats to the organism. By using a tagging approach in the region of Taste Receptor