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Innovations and Industrial Performance in Finland 1945 - 1998

This book deals with industrial renewal in Finland during the period 1945-98. One of the most recent trends in the advanced economies has been an accelerating rate of innovations and technological change. Previously, innovation was often generated through a series of discrete steps in research, development, and production. Today, innovation is increasingly generated in networks where value is gene

Mongolic vowel shifts and the classification of the Mongolic languages

Although the Mongolic language group consists of ten rather closely related languages, there is no consensus in the literature about the classification of the languages into subgroups. One reason for this is the occurrence of more or less independent phonological innovations which are difficult to order in time and which may have spread geographically rather than genetically. All Mongolic language

The max-log list algorithm (MLLA) - A list-sequence decoding algorithm that provides soft-symbol output

We present a soft decoding algorithm for convolutional codes that simultaneously yields soft-sequence output, i.e., list sequence (LS) decoding, and soft-symbol output. The max-log list algorithm (MLLA) introduced in this paper provides near- optimum soft-symbol output equal to that of the max-log maximum a posteriori (MAP) probability algorithm. Simultaneously, the algorithm produces an ordered l

Emissions of CO2 from Biomass Production and Transportation in Agriculture and Forestry

Net CO2 emissions have been calculated for the production and transportation of biomass in Swedish agriculture and forestry, using fossil-fuel-based energy inputs. An analysis of how a transition from a fossil-fuel-based energy system to a CO2-neutral biomass-based system would affect the energy efficiency in biomass production and transportation, has also been carried out. Production and transpor

Nimisia fuegiae, a new lichen genus and species from Argentina (Parmeliaceae).

Nimisia fuegiae Kärnef. & Thell gen. et sp. nov. is described from Argentinian Tierra del Fuego. The new lichen differs from possibly related groups within the Parmeliaceae in unique anatomical characters, i.e. a medullary layer composed of extremely thick and strongly gelatinized periclinally arranged hyphae and a lower cortex composed of only a few layers of strongly pigmented, rather large

A NORDTEST Method for Verification of Self-desiccation in Concrete

This article outlines a new NORDTEST method for verification of self-desiccation in concrete. The method involves measurements of the internal relative humidity, RH, on pieces of concrete at one month’s age. The measured RH is then compared with the requirements according to the owner. The new NORDTEST method for self-desiccation permits requirements to be made of the self-desiccation of HPC in ac

Regendered Narratives of Mobility: ‘A Vroom With a View’

This article takes a look at the road-trip handbook The Bad Girl’s Guide to the Open Road by Cameron Tuttle (1999). This recent narrative of mobility, it argues, carries on the feminist legacy of road stories such as Thelma & Louise (Scott 1991) and Flaming Iguanas (Lopez 1998) continuing their paving of the way for women’s self-re-presentation on the road and the regendering of the traditiona

Crystal Structure of dUTPase from Equine Infectious Anaemia Virus; Active Site Metal Binding in a Substrate Analogue Complex

The X-ray structures of dUTPase from equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV) in unliganded and complexed forms have been determined to 1.9 and 2.0 A resolution, respectively. The structures were solved by molecular replacement using Escherichia coli dUTPase as search model. The exploitation of a relatively novel refinement approach for the initial model, combining maximum likelihood refinement with

CSF levels of tau, beta-amyloid(1-42) and GAP-43 in frontotemporal dementia, other types of dementia and normal aging

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of tau, beta-amyloid(1-42) and growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) were studied in patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD; n = 17), Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 60), subcortical white-matter dementia (SWD; n = 24), Parkinson's disease (PD; n = 23) and dysthymia (n = 19) and in age-matched controls (n = 32). CSF-tau was significantly increased only in AD, and

Three overlooked Lecidea species in Sweden

During the last years, three rarely collected Lecidea species have been found in Skane and Halland, southernmost Sweden, viz. "Lecidea" ahlesii, L. promixta and L. confluentula. The first two are reported earlier from Sweden, but are probably overlooked. L. confluentula is new to Sweden, has been confused with L. fuscoatra, and shown here to be fairly common in western Sweden. All species are depi

ETV6 rearrangements in patients with infantile fibrosarcomas and congenital mesoblastic nephromas by fluorescence in situ hybridization

Congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) and infantile fibrosarcoma (IFS) are two pediatric tumors arising in the kidneys and soft tissues of infants, respectively. Recently, a t(12;15)(p13;q25) resulting in ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion was detected in patients with IFS and in patients with the cellular type of CMN, suggesting a common pathogenetic pathway. We investigated the presence or absence of ETV6 r

galaxieEST: addressing EST identity through automated phylogenetic analysis

Background: Research involving expressed sequence tags ( ESTs) is intricately coupled to the existence of large, well-annotated sequence repositories. Comparatively complete and satisfactory annotated public sequence libraries are, however, available only for a limited range of organisms, rendering the absence of sequences and gene structure information a tangible problem for those working with ta

Resonant Laser Techniques for Combustion and Flow Diagnostics

This thesis presents results from two areas of research. Firstly, the resonant coherent laser techniques polarization spectroscopy (PS), degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) and stimulated emission (SE) have been developed in the general field of combustion diagnostics. Secondly, laser induced fluorescence (LIF) has been developed and applied for the visualization of mixture fractions in turbulent n

Evolution of noctuid pheromone binding proteins: identification of PBP in the black cutworm moth, Agrotis ipsilon

Male black cutworm moths (Agrotis ipsilon, Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea, Noctuidae), which are attracted by a three-component pheromone blend ((Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate, Z7-12:Ac; (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate, Z9-14:Ac; (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate, Z11-16:Ac), express diverse antennal pheromone binding proteins (PBPs). Two PBP isoforms (Aips-1 and Aips-2) that show 46% identity were cloned from antennal cDN