In a prospective study we tested the hypothesis that a cry from an infant can be used as part of an instrument to measure pain. Ten healthy newly born infants were subjected to painful stimuli on four occasions during their first year of life. The sound of the crying was analysed with regard to duration. With the help of a sound spectrogram, the fundamental frequencies of the first five crying sou

Popular Abstract in Swedish Inbyggda styrsystem finns idag överallt omkring oss. Moderna bilar, cd-spelare och mobiltelefoner är bara några exempel på produkter som inte skulle fungera utan datorbaserade reglersystem. Dock karaktäriseras dessa system ofta av begränsade beräkningsresurser, till följd av tillverkarnas behov att minimera produktionskostnaden. Samtidigt vill man införa mer och mer funThis thesis deals with methods for handling resource constraints in embedded control systems and real-time computing systems. By dynamic feedback-based resource scheduling it is possible to achieve adaptability andincreased performance for these systems. A feedback scheduling strategy is presented, which uses feedback from plant states to distribute computing resources optimally among a set of co

The electronic structure of high-quality CrO2(100) films was investigated by means of x-ray absorption and resonant photoemission spectroscopy at the 2p-3d excitation threshold. The obtained binding energy of the occupied Cr 3d states is in agreement with the results predicted within the local spin-density approximation using the dynamical mean-field theory [L. Craco , Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 237203

Many natural enemies do not immediately kill their host, and the lag this creates between attack and host death results in mixed populations of uninfected and infected hosts. Both competition and parasitism are known to be major structuring forces in ecological communities; however, surprisingly little is known about how the competitive nature of infected hosts could affect the survival and dynami

The principal objective for this licentiate thesis is to develop a methodology and evaluation model in order to make the future relative humidity in a screeded concrete slab predictable. Residual moisture in screeded concrete slabs may redistribute to the top screed surface under semi-permeable flooring, thus elevating the relative humidity, RH, and possibly exceed the critical humidity level. Pas

A total of 309 Helicobacter pylori isolates from 18 different countries were analyzed with a previously developed lectin typing system. The system was developed by using a proteolytic pretreatment to enhance the carbohydrate fraction of the sample. Four lectins from Ulex europaeus, Lotus tetragonolobus, Erythrina cristigali, and Triticum vulgaris were used to type the strains. The lectins were cho

Investigated whether the relation between implicit and explicit attitude measures is affected by self-presentation concerns. In Experiment 1, 70 high-school students made evaluative ratings of pictures of homosexual and heterosexual couples. Self-presentation was manipulated by either instructing participants that the study concerned attitudes regarding sexual orientation (socially sensitive) or a

Component-based techniques revolve around composable, reusable software objects that shield the application level software from the details of the hardware and low-level software implementation and vice versa. Components provide many benefits that have led to their wide adoption it software and middleware developed for embedded systems: They are well-defined entities that can be replaced without a

Popular Abstract in Swedish Spektroskopi är den vetenskapsgren som används för att studera samspelet mellan strålning/ljus och materia för tillämpningar i både diagnostiska och terapeutiska syften. Då ljus sänds in i ett prov sätts olika fysikaliska processer igång. I denna avhandling studeras företrädesvis en process som kallas för absorption. Vid absorptionsspektroskopi är våglängden av ljuset, Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy can be utilised for gas detection in biological and medical applications. The common approach is to analyse transmitted light according to the Beer-Lambertian law. Normally, the light has a well-defined path length through the gas sample since it can be assumed that it has negligible scattering properties. Samples which, by contrast, have strong scatteri

A 2-month psychological questionnaire concerning pregnancy was answered by 20,920 nondiabetic mothers of singletons. Retrospective analysis showed increased levels of islet autoantibodies (1A) in 290 (1.4%) newborns. High IA levels in the child's cord blood correlated strongly with IA levels in the mother (GADA r = 0.91, P < 0.0001; IA-2A r = 0.75, P = 0.0001). High IA levels were found in newborn

Synchrotron-based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy on copper and silver cluster beams created by a magnetron-based gas-aggregation source has allowed mapping the electron density of states (DOS) of free metallic nanoparticles. The cluster DOS profiles obtained in the experiments strongly resemble the infinite solid DOS shapes, but the extracted cluster work-functions are lower than those for the b

More than 40 years of re-vegetation using mainly xerophytic shrubs Artemisia ordosica Krasch. and Caragana korshinskii Kom. at Shapotou Desert Experimental Research Station near Lanzhou, China has resulted in established dwarf-shrub and herbaceous cover on sand dunes. Precipitation, as the sole source of water replenishment in the semiarid area, plays a pertinent role in sustaining the desert ecos

The aim of this study was to evaluate how routinely performed phosphorus release tests could be used when modelling enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) using activated sludge models such as ASM2d. A pilot plant with an extensive analysis programme was used as basis for the simulations. Without any calibration the prediction of phosphorus removal was poor and the initial release rates fro

The present study investigates patients' opinion on what constitutes good psychiatric care. It was a qualitative study using an open-ended in-depth interview centring on the patient's experiences of receiving psychiatric care. The subjects were selected to ensure maximum variation and heterogeneity. A model of deliberate sampling for heterogeneity and a modified, stratified sampling method were us