This study investigates how smallholder differentiation can be reconciled with processes of rural development. Conventional theories and policies are primarily based on assumptions of an undifferentiated smallholder sector. Conversely, some agrarian political economy scholars argue that smallholder differentiation may be correlated with dynamic rural development. To contribute to the debate, rural

Background: Previous population-based studies on second primary cancers (SPCs) in urothelial cancers have focused on known risk factors in bladder cancer patients without data on other urothelial sites of the renal pelvis or ureter. Aims: To estimate sex-specific risks for any SPCs after urothelial cancers, and in reverse order, for urothelial cancers as SPCs after any cancer. Such two-way analysi

The atmospheric boundary layer mediates the exchange of energy, matter, and momentum between the land surface and the free troposphere, integrating a range of physical, chemical, and biological processes and is defined as the lowest layer of the atmosphere (ranging from a few meters to 3 km). In this review, we investigate how continuous, automated observations of the atmospheric boundary layer ca

Weather forecasts were early noted to be a domain where automatic translation was possible (Kittredge, 1973). Everybody in the field knows that there is a computer in Montreal translating forecasts routinely be- tween French and English (METEO). The weather domain has proven to be a fruitful domain for further research as witnessed e.g. by the system for generating marine forecasts presented by Ki

Bilder och beskrivningar av själsligt mörker som depressioner och ångest i Gustaf Frödings diktning beskrivs och karakteriseras. Orden och bilderna för de själsliga plågorna bildar en generalbas i Frödings diktning. Några motkrafter till depressionens och ångestens livssyn beskrivs: drömmen, fantasin, konsten, naturen och humorn.

The paper demonstrates the problem of translating modal verbs and phrases and shows how some of these problems can be overcome by choosing semantic representations which look like representations of passive verbs. These semantic representations suit alternative ways of expressing modality by e.g. passive constructions, adverbs and impersonal constructions in the target language. Various restructur

In this paper, we identify a problem—the problem of which actors should serve as defenders of democracy—and propose a solution to that problem—the creation of randomly selected citizen bodies, or allotted chambers (hereafter ACs).1 Having in place institutions that are tasked with democratic self-defense, is, we argue, a critically important pillar of democratic government, but its importance has

The implementation of multidisciplinary research approaches is an essential prerequisite to obtain comprehensive insights into the life and works of the old masters and their timeline in the production of the arts. In this study, traditional art history, cultural heritage, and natural science methods were combined to shed light on an Adoration of the Shepherds painting by Jacques Jordaens (1593–16

The aim of this study is to implement lifetime attributable risk (LAR) predictions for radiation induced cancers for Swedish cohorts of patients of various age and sex, undergoing diagnostic investigations by nuclear medicine methods.METHODS: Calculations are performed on Swedish groups of patients with Paget's disease and with bone metastases from prostatic cancer and diagnosed with bone scintigr

PURPOSE: Interventional radiology techniques cause radiation exposure both to patient and personnel. The radiation dose to the operator is usually measured with dosimeters located at specific points above or below the lead aprons. The aim of this study is to develop and validate two fast Monte Carlo (MC) codes for radiation transport in order to improve the assessment of individual doses in interv

Severe episodic air pollution blankets entire cities and regions and have a profound impact on humans and their activities. We compiled daily fine particle (PM2.5) data from 100 cities in five continents, investigated the trends of number, frequency, and duration of pollution episodes, and compared these with the baseline trend in air pollution. We showed that the factors contributing to these eve

This contribution analyses and discusses the use of 3D technology in education and learning. Basing the discussion on a case study performed during two seasons of a field school for 1st-year archaeology students, we explore how to expand traditional didactic programs by developing and testing a web-based system for educational purposes. We examine how these technologies can be used as educational

The statistical relation between ocean wave geometry and water particle movements can be formulated in the stochastic Gauss-Lagrange model. In this paper we use Slepian models to get detailed information of the sea surface elevation in the neighbourhood of local maxima in a Gaussian wave model and of the movements of the top particle of the waves. We present full conditional distributions of the GThe statistical relation between ocean wave geometry and water particle movements can be formulated in the stochastic Gauss-Lagrange model. In this paper we use Slepian models to obtain detailed information of the sea surface elevation in the neighbourhood of local maxima in a Gaussian wave model and of the movements of the top particle of the waves. We present full conditional distributions of th

This study assessed whether methods for capturing the pedestrian experience of outdoor lighting, previously evaluated in a full‐scale laboratory, were applicable in a real‐world setting. It applied an approach capturing the human response to outdoor lighting in a systematic way, by assessing perception, evaluation and behaviour in the lit environment. The study involved 81 participants from two ag