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Multifocal optical systems and pupil dynamics in birds.

In animal eyes of the camera type longitudinal chromatic aberration causes defocus that is particularly severe in species with short depth of focus. In a variety of vertebrates, multifocal optical systems compensate for longitudinal chromatic aberration by concentric zones of different refractive powers. Since a constricting circular pupil blocks peripheral zones, eyes with multifocal optical syst

Topographic representation of the pharyngoesophageal segment during swallowing

Motility of the pharyngoesophageal segment (PES) was monitored by cineradiography (50 frames a second) during barium swallow and analyzed by a computerized topographic mapping of sagittal wall motion. Through measurement of wall displacement on 20 consecutive levels of the PES, distention, contraction, and peristalsis were studied. Topographic mapping of three patients with normal PES motility, de

The gender differences in growth hormone-binding protein and leptin persist in 80-year-old men and women and is not caused by sex hormones.

objective Leptin and growth hormone-binding protein (GHBP) both show gender differences that might be explained by sex hormones. To study the potential relevance of oestradiol and testosterone, we have examined 80-year-old subjects in whom oestradiol is higher in men than in women. The interrelationships between leptin, insulin, GHBP and fat mass in this age group were also investigated. design a

Prevalence of nasal symptoms and their relation to self-reported asthma and chronic bronchitis/emphysema

Little information is available on associations between rhinitis and chronic bronchitis/emphysema (CBE). Self-reported upper airway symptoms, asthma, and CBE were examined in 12,079 adults living in southern Sweden. The response rate was 70% (n=8,469), of whom 33% reported significant nasal symptoms: a blocked nose was reported by 21%; sneezing by 18%; nasal discharge by 17%; and thick yellow nasa

The Organic Brain Syndrome (OBS) scale: a systematic review.

Background/Objective The Organic Brain Syndrome (OBS) Scale was developed to determine elderly patients' disturbances of awareness and orientation as to time, place and own identity, and assessment of various emotional and behavioural symptoms appearing in delirium, dementia and other organic mental diseases. The aim of the study was to examine the OBS Scale, using the eight criteria and guideline

Efficient production of mesencephalic dopamine neurons by Lmx1a expression in embryonic stem cells

Signaling factors involved in CNS development have been used to control the differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into mesencephalic dopamine (mesDA) neurons, but tend to generate a limited yield of desired cell type. Here we show that forced expression of Lmx1a, a transcription factor functioning as a determinant of mesDA neurons during embryogenesis, effectively can promote the generati

Effect of gender on clinical and epidemiologic features of Lyme borreliosis.

The aim is to highlight the influence of patients' gender on Lyme borreliosis and especially erythema migrans (EM), focusing on exposure to tick bites, epidemiology, and the clinical picture. All studies were conducted in the county of Blekinge, located in southeastern Sweden. A prospective study was conducted in 235 individuals (women, n = 110; men, n = 125) engaged in recreational or occupationa

Hypoglycaemia leads to an increased QT interval in normal men

Hypoglycaemia is presumed to be the cause of death in about 3% of insulin-treated diabetic patients. Some of these patients suffer from hypoglycaemic brain damage, but the majority have no evident brain damage and are supposed to have died from other causes such as a cardiac arrhythmia. The putative mechanism is a hypoglycaemia-induced prolongation of the QT interval which increases the risk of ma

Strategies for enhancing fermentative production of glycerol - A review

The present paper reviews the metabolic basis of different methods for fermentative glycerol production. The most important microbial production organism is the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae but other yeast species, as well as molds, algae, and bacteria are of potential interest for glycerol production. A large variety of methods have been applied to increase the fermentative glycerol yield. The

Application of Human Modelling in Health Care Industry

Digital human modelling (DHM) is commonly utilised for vehicle and workplace design in the automotive industry. More rarely are the tools applied in the health care industry, albeit having similar objectives for cost-efficiency and User-centred design processes. The paper illustrates how a DHM tool is modified and utilised to evaluate a bathing system design from caretakers' and caregivers' ergono

Detection of submicroscopic constitutional chromosome aberrations in clinical diagnostics: a validation of the practical performance of different array platforms

For several decades etiological diagnosis of patients with idiopathic mental retardation (MR) and multiple congenital anomalies (MCA) has relied on chromosome analysis by karyotyping. Conventional karyotyping allows a genome-wide detection of chromosomal abnormalities but has a limited resolution. Recently, array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) technologies have been developed

Interaction between Lamellar (Vesicles) and Nonlamellar Lipid Liquid-Crystalline Nanoparticles as Studied by Time-Resolved Small-Angle X-ray Diffraction

The kinetics of structure change when dispersions of two different types of lipid-based liquid-crystalline phases, one lamellar and one reversed, are mixed has been investigated using synchrotron small-angle X-ray diffraction and ellipsometry. The systems studied were (i) cubic-phase nanoparticles (CPNPs) based on glycerol monooleate (GMO) stabilized with a nonionic block copolymer, Pluronic F-127

Transvaginal Doppler examination for the differential diagnosis of solid pelvic tumors

To evaluate the ability of transvaginal Doppler examination to discriminate between different types of solid pelvic tumors, 55 women scheduled for laparotomy because of a solid pelvic mass underwent transvaginal sonographic examination, including color and spectral Doppler techniques. Arteries in the wall and core of each mass were examined. The histological diagnoses were as follows: uterine myom

Solution Structure of the Ca(2+)-Binding EGF3-4 Pair from Vitamin K-Dependent Protein S: Identification of an Unusual Fold in EGF3(,).

Vitamin K-dependent protein S is a cofactor of activated protein C, a serine protease that regulates blood coagulation. Deficiency of protein S can cause venous thrombosis. Protein S has four EGF domains in tandem; domains 2-4 bind calcium with high affinity whereas domains 1-2 mediate interaction with activated protein C. We have now solved the solution structure of the EGF3-4 fragment of protein

Treatment of three types of landfill leachate with reverse osmosis

Treatment of landfill leachate has gained increasing attention during recent years, and several commercial RO leachate treatment plants have been installed in, e.g., Germany, the Netherlands and Switzerland. in this investigation the influence on membrane performance when treating new types of landfill leachate was studied. Three different types of landfill leachate were included in this study: le