The goal of the paper is to present a decomposed approach to optimization of inter-domain routing in IP networks. A problem of maximizing the total amount of traffic carried in an inter-domain network is formulated as a linear programme. Using Lagrangean relaxation the problem is decomposed with respect to individual domains. A resolution method based on subgradient optimization combined with reco

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Popular Abstract in Swedish Hemoglobin, det protein som transporterar syre i blodet är förmodligen det mest välkända proteinet. Det är ett av många exempel på porfyrinproteiner, dvs. proteiner med en porfyrinring i det aktiva centrat. Porfyrinen kan binda en metalljon i mitten av ringen. När en järnjon är bunden kallas strukturen hem. Det är denna molekyl som finns i hemoglobin. I denna avhandlingDifferent aspects of porphyrin proteins have been studied with theoretical methods. For example, we have studied: - The importance of hydrogen bonds for the discrimination between carbon monoxide and molecular oxygen by myoglobin, the oxygen carrier in muscles, modelling the active site both in vacuum and in the protein matrix - The inner-sphere reorganisation energy during electron transfer for

Popular Abstract in English Most people see chemistry as an abstract and complicated subject because it deals with species that can not be seen with bare eyes. But if one think about it, chemistry is everywhere! Chemical processes happen all around you and inside you everyday : there is chemistry in the human body where proteins play a great role, in shampoo bottles, the toothpaste, in the cement A considerable amount of mineral particles are found to have a plate-like shape. The work in this thesis concerns theoretical investigations, using Monte Carlo method, of the properties of such particles in aqueous solutions. The objectives were first to create a model that could capture the essential physics of clay suspensions and also to understand the role of thermodynamics in certain chemical

This article addresses the follower-centric examination of the social construction of prophetic leadership roles. The central questions are: In what ways can key follower figures potentially exert independent agency and influence within the charismatic relationship?; What role might they play in the establishment and maintenance of the social construction of prophetic leadership roles? To these en

Boken handlar om fyra europeiska resenärer i österled mellan 1400 och 1600: Ruy Gonzalez de Clavijo, Johann Schiltberger, Anthony Jenkinson och Bento de Goes. De reste i en tid då världen blev större och européernas syn på främlingar förändrades i grunden. Fokus i analysen ligger på hur resenärerna uppfattade och tolkade mötet med främmande civilisationer, hur de formade en bild av den Andre och f

The development of political reform in Sweden during the 'long' 19th century (1780-1920) was not straightforward. While the ties between church and state were in many ways successively loosened, they were simultaneously also tightened in some other areas. This article deals with The end of the Medieval Parliament, The Church Assembly and the Bishops' Conference, A New Constitution and a Reduced Na

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This thesis discusses some of the fundamental requirements needed to be fulfilled when constructing a low temperature scanning tunnelling microscope (STM). Three different designs, two non-vacuum and one ultra-high vacuum (UHV), based on either inertial-mass or novel stepper motor principles are presented. The selection rules that forms the basis for designs are discussed in terms of thermophysica

The paper considers design problems related to topological and modular design of core communication networks using integer programming techniques and multi-commodity flow models.