Sökresultat

Filtyp

Din sökning på "*" gav 548765 sökträffar

Carbon subsurface traffic jam as driver for methane oxidation activity and selectivity on palladium surfaces

Separating how surface and subsurface species affect catalytic function is a challenging task in heterogeneous catalysis, particularly when deposition and segregation take place at reaction conditions. Here, we report on an operando approach to establish surface/subsurface/function correlations. Using temperature modulations we oscillate carbon deposition and segregation over a Pd catalyst. Cataly

Immigrants’ diminished protective effects of parental education and employment on youth mood disorders in Sweden

Objectives: While high socioeconomic status (SES) indicators generally protect against mental health issues such as mood disorders in overall populations, evidence suggests that these protective effects might be attenuated for marginalized groups such as immigrants, in comparison to groups who are more socially privileged. This phenomenon is referred to as Marginalization-related Diminished Return

SPRING, an effective and reliable framework for image reconstruction in single-particle Coherent Diffraction Imaging

Coherent Diffraction Imaging (CDI) is an experimental technique to image isolated structures by recording the scattered light. The sample density can be recovered from the scattered field through a Fourier Transform operation. However, the phase of the field is lost during the measurement and has to be algorithmically retrieved. Here we present SPRING, an analysis framework tailored to X-ray Free

The semi-quantitative cardiac arrest brain ischemia (CABI) score for magnetic resonance imaging predicts functional outcome after cardiac arrest

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is recommended by guidelines to evaluate the severity of brain ischemia after cardiac arrest for functional outcome prediction. However, standardized assessment criteria are lacking. We have developed a semi-quantitative Cardiac Arrest Brain Ischemia (CABI) score to assess the extension of brain ischemia on MRI. Objectives: To evaluate the prognostic pe

Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) in Swedish preschool children : a screening study

Background: Despite its common early onset, little is known about the prevalence and clinical presentation of avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) in very young children, hindering early identification and intervention. Differentiating ARFID from normative selective eating is particularly challenging, yet validated parent-reported screening tools are lacking. This study aimed to estim

Lipoprotein levels and statin treatment related to dementia and cognitive decline in individuals with type 2 diabetes : an observational analysis from the ADVANCE study

Introduction: Studies on the association between lipid levels and lipid-lowering treatment and the risk of dementia and/or cognitive decline (CD) have shown conflicting results and are few in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim was to evaluate the relationship of baseline LDL cholesterol levels and statin treatment with the development of dementia/CD in patients with T2D from the Actio

Food hoarders and non-hoarders in Paridae – a cognition perspective

Parids are well-known birds both in Europe and North America. Despite being arboreal foragers of similar size, there is a striking dichotomy in the wintering strategies in the family. Most species are food hoarding specialists that store large amounts of winter food in autumn. A small stable group will then defend a large winter territory in which they store food. From a cognition perspective thes

Empowerment in primary care and psychiatric settings : a psychometric evaluation of the Swedish version of the empowerment scale

Background: There has recently been an increased emphasis on patient empowerment and collaboration within their healthcare. However, there is widely a lack of clarity to the concept of empowerment and existing measurement tools lack uniformity, covering diverse domains and related concepts. Objectives: This study aims to conduct a psychometric evaluation of the Swedish version of the Empowerment S

Workload reduction of digital breast tomosynthesis screening using artificial intelligence and synthetic mammography : a simulation study

Purpose: To achieve the high sensitivity of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), a time-consuming reading is necessary. However, synthetic mammography (SM) images, equivalent to digital mammography (DM), can be generated from DBT images. SM is faster to read and might be sufficient in many cases. We investigate using artificial intelligence (AI) to stratify examinations into reading of either SM or

Exploring the impact of image restoration in simulating higher dose mammography : effects on the detectability of microcalcifications across different sizes using model observer analysis

Purpose: Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among women, and digital mammography plays a key role in screening and early detection. The radiation dose on mammographic exams directly influences image quality and radiologists’ performance. We evaluate the impact of an image restoration pipeline—designed to simulate higher dose acquisitions—on the detectability of mic

Investigating the effect of adding comparisons with prior mammograms to standalone digital breast tomosynthesis screening

Purpose: The purpose is to retrospectively investigate how the addition of prior and concurrent mammograms affects wide-angle digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) screening false-positive recall rates, malignancy scoring, and recall agreement. Approach: A total of 200 cases were selected from the Malmö Breast Tomosynthesis Screening Trial. They consist of 150 recalled cases [30 true positives (TPs),

Assessing mammographic density change within individuals across screening rounds using deep learning–based software

Purpose: The purposes are to evaluate the change in mammographic density within individuals across screening rounds using automatic density software, to evaluate whether a change in breast density is associated with a future breast cancer diagnosis, and to provide insight into breast density evolution. Approach: Mammographic breast density was analyzed in women screened in Malmö, Sweden, between 2

Asymmetric sulfonated polysulfone cation exchange membranes prepared by non-solvent induced phase separation for reverse electrodialysis using desalination brines

The transition to sustainable energy is crucial for modern society, and Reverse Electrodialysis (RED) offers a promising method for harvesting energy from salinity gradients. However, large-scale deployment of RED is constrained by efficiency limitations and the high cost of ion exchange membranes. This study focuses on the development of novel asymmetric cation exchange membranes (CEMs) based on

Immunization targeting diseased proteins in synucleinopathy and tauopathy : insights from clinical trials

Synucleinopathies and tauopathies are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the pathological accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) and tau proteins, respectively. These disorders are traditionally managed with symptomatic treatments without addressing the underlying pathologies. Recent advancements in passive immunotherapies, notably the FDA approval of the amyloid-beta (Aβ)-targeting antibod

Antibiotic resistance genes, antibiotic residues, and microplastics in influent and effluent wastewater from treatment plants in Norway, Iceland, and Finland

Monitoring antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in wastewater influents (pre-treatment) and effluents (post-treatment) provides insights into community-level circulation, potential amplification during treatment, and risks associated with gene release into surface waters. Pollutants such as antibiotic residues and microplastics (MPs) may influence ARG dynamics, highlighting the need to assess the

Duration of electrocardiographic TPEAK-TEND interval in ischemia : Dispersion of repolarization vs. myocardium area at risk

Introduction: Tpeak-Tend interval (Tpe) is considered to be an ECG reflection of the dispersion of repolarization (DOR), and as such has been proposed as a predictor of arrhythmias. In ischemia, robustness of the Tpe-DOR relationship may suffer from variability of the myocardium at risk (MaR) area. In the present study, we evaluated the contribution of DOR and MaR to single‑lead and multi‑lead Tpe

Neuronal FAM171A2 mediates α-synuclein fibril uptake and drives Parkinson's disease

Neuronal accumulation and spread of pathological α-synuclein (α-syn) fibrils are key events in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathophysiology. However, the neuronal mechanisms underlying the uptake of α-syn fibrils remain unclear. In this work, we identified FAM171A2 as a PD risk gene that affects α-syn aggregation. Overexpressing FAM171A2 promotes α-syn fibril endocytosis and exacerbates the spread and

“A rope always snaps at its thinnest point”: structural factors contributing to childlessness among older men in a resource constrained area

Male childlessness in late adulthood is increasingly prevalent in rural China, indicating a critical need to understand the factors contributing to childlessness among rural men—an often-overlooked group in gerontological and childlessness research. While existing studies have explored individual-level predictors of childlessness over the life course and the implications of broader societal condit

Associations between chronic airflow limitation, respiratory symptoms, and quality of life across alcohol use categories : a population based study

Introduction: Alcohol use has significant health implications, yet the association between alcohol use and respiratory symptoms remains relatively understudied. This study examines the prevalence of hazardous alcohol use and its associations with breathlessness, chronic cough, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and whether these associations with chronic airway limitation (CAL) differ by a

The association of individual food security status with women's political participation, labor-force participation, and reproductive health : A cross-sectional analysis of gendered structural inequality in the League of Arab States

This article applies a conceptual framework based on multilevel theories of gender inequality to examine individual-level food insecurity (FI) outcomes in the League of Arab States (LAS). We conceptualize FI as an embodied waypoint on a discriminatory cycle incorporating material and cultural practices that function at macro-, situational-, and individual-levels. Using data drawn from the Gallup W