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Exceptionally preserved specimens of the Cambrian stem-group brachiopod Mickwitzia occidens Walcott, 1908 are described in detail from the Indian Springs Lagerstatte in Nevada, USA. Shell structure and preserved mantle setae from these specimens reveal a variable diagenetic (taphonomic) history and provide insight into the phylogenetic position of mickwitziids. Morphologic and morphometric compari
Policies and strategies to fight global environmental degradation, gender inequality, and poverty are often inadequate, ineffective, or insufficient. In response, this article seeks potential synergies and leverage points between three significant interrelated discourses that are often treated separately—development, gender, and environment. Proceeding from a brief history of development thinking
Glioma cells with stem cell traits are thought to be responsible for tumor maintenance and therapeutic failure. Such cells can be enriched based on their inherent drug efflux capability mediated by the ABC transporter ABCG2 using the side population assay, and their characteristics include increased self-renewal, high stem cell marker expression and high tumorigenic capacity in vivo. Here, we show
Cellular adaptation to diminished tissue oxygen tensions, hypoxia, is largely governed by the hypoxia inducible transcription factors, HIF-1 and HIF-2. Tumor hypoxia and high HIF protein levels are frequently associated with aggressive disease. In recent years, high tumor cell levels of HIF-2 and the oxygen sensitive subunit HIF-2alpha have been associated with unfavorable disease and shown to be
Dryland livestock production systems are changing in many parts of the world, as a result of growing human populations and associated pressure on water and land. Based on a combination of social and natural science methods, we studied a 30-year transformation process from pastoralism to a livestock-based agro-pastoral system in northwestern Kenya, with the overall aim to increase the understanding
In this paper, we propose a soft-output detector for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels that utilizes achievable information rate (AIR) based partial marginalization (PM). The proposed AIR based PM (AIR-PM) detector has superior performance compared to previously proposed PM designs and other soft-output detectors such as K-best, while at the same time yielding lower computational comp
Results are presented from a new method for experimental analysis of the mechanics of real granular materials in three dimensions. The method involves a combination of X-ray tomography and three- dimensional (3D) X-ray diffraction to provide the grain-scale structural evolution (grain positions and kinematics, grain-contact distributions and grain-grain contact fracture) simultaneously with the te
Laser-induced incandescence (LII), elastic light scattering (ELS) and extinction were used to investigate the early stages of soot formation when seeding metal salts at various concentrations into a premixed ethylene/air flame on a PerkinElmer burner. The investigation contained seven salts, where we in this work mainly focus on two of these salts, potassium chloride (KCl) and iron chloride (FeCl3
Activity of bats at an old wind park four km off the island of Gotland in the Baltic Sea was monitored during 50 nights from August to October 2013, using an automatic bat detector (Pettersson D500-X) mounted on one of the turbines. Single individuals or pairs of common noctules Nyctalus noctula were recorded on five occasions only (26 and 27 August), all in calm weather and when little or no roto
I denna artikel beskriver vi verksamheten inom hantering av forskningsdata på Avdelningen för Vetenskaplig kommunikation vid Universitetsbiblioteket i Lund sedan den startade 2014. Huvuddelen av våra projekt har hittills varit av karaktären utredningar och behovsanalyser på grund av att det saknas policyer eller riktlinjer för forskare såväl nationellt som på lärosätet. Däremot finns förväntningar
Quantitative concentrations measurements using time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence have been demonstrated for nitric oxide (NO) in flame. Fluorescence lifetimes measured using a picosecond Nd:YAG laser and optical parametric amplifier system have been used to directly compensate the measured signal for collisional quenching and evaluate NO concentration. The full evaluation also includes the
For the first time, laser-induced thermal grating spectroscopy (LITGS) in the spectral range around 3. μm is demonstrated as a versatile diagnostic tool. This spectral region is of particular interest in combustion diagnostics as many relevant species such as hydrocarbons and water exhibit fundamental vibrational modes and hence can be probed with high sensitivity. Another benefit of the IR-LITGS
The release of alkali metals (Na and K) during biomass pyrolysis was numerically and experimentally investigated using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy technique that could extend the measurements of alkali metal concentration to the sooty pyrolysis stage. Two distinct peaks of metal concentrations were observed at the pyrolysis stage and at the gasification stage. Since during the pyrolysis s
Activation energy asymptotic analysis and rate-ratio asymptotic analysis of combustion in laminar, nonpremixed flames are often carried out using conserved scalar quantities as independent variables. One such representation of a conserved scalar quantity is the mixture fraction, ξ, based on thermal diffusivity. These analyses are carried out in the asymptotic limit of large Damköhler number, with
We investigate the noise generated by an airfoil section. Three cases are considered, one with a clean airfoil and two cases with airfoils with ice accretion. The amount of ice is the same in the two cases with ice accretion, but the surface of the accreted ice layer is smoother in one of them. The noise is computed using a hybrid approach. First the flow and the acoustic sources are computed. Sec
In this paper, we propose a class of Generalized Gough-Stewart Platforms (GGSPs) used, as a novel approach, to eliminate the classical isotropic constraint of GSPs (hexapods). GGSPs are based on the standard GSP architecture with additional rotations of the three strut-pairs. Despite the architectural generalization introduced in GGSPs, they do not require much more effort in order to be fabricate
The dedicated production of biomass crops and the collection of residues in agriculture and forestry can lead to undesirable negative impacts and it is crucial that practices are found that ensure that these impacts are avoided or mitigated as far as possible. This chapter concerns the use of biomass for energy and the connection between increased bioenergy use and land use change (LUC). Land use
This chapter presents an assessment of green house performance (GHG) performance of current and prospective Swedish ethanol production and outlines a strategy for improving the GHG performance on an expanding ethanol market. Calculations are presented that consider process integration and establishment of biocombines producing multiple products, the use of a broader resource base including lignoce
