Background: The duration of protection provided by varicella vaccines is unclear. We assessed the 10-year vaccine efficacy of two doses of a combined measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine (MMRV), one live attenuated varicella vaccine (V) dose given after one measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR) dose (MMR + V), versus two MMR doses (control vaccine) for the prevention of confirmed varicella. Metho

BACKGROUND: Leptospirosis, caused by spirochetes of the genus Leptospira, is one of the most widespread zoonoses worldwide. Efficient diagnostic methods for early diagnosis of leptospirosis are still lacking, and acute disease presents with nonspecific symptomatology and is often misdiagnosed. The leptospires pathogenic processes and virulence mechanisms remain virtually unknown. In severe infecti

Background: Although previous studies have examined the impact of slice position in volumetric measurements in Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) imaging, very limited data are available today comparing T1 and Extra-Cellular Volume (ECV) measurements from short and long axis acquisitions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of slice position and orientation on T1 and ECV m

Angular correlations between heavy-flavor decay electrons and charged particles at midrapidity (|η|

BACKGROUND: Circulating C3 has been associated with diabetes and hypertension, which are the leading causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD). C3 activation is considered to contribute to several renal diseases. Here we examined whether elevated C3 concentration is associated with hospitalization due to CKD in the general population, and whether this relationship is mediated by factors such as diabe

This document outlines how to setup and run computations in parallel using Julia on a collection of remote computers, such as computers in a university lab. After the environment has been setup,Only minor modifications to serially executed code is necessary to enable parallel execution.Written for Julia version 1.0

We describe how to utilize the possibility of differentiating through arbitrary Julia codeto perform tasks such as controller optimization. The user specifies a cost function, forexample, the integrated squared error between output and reference, and constraints, suchas a maximum acceptable value of the sensitivity function. Julia performs the integrationand calculates the sensitivities of the cos

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) came into force in May 2018. The aspiration of providing for a high level of protection to individuals’ personal data risked placing considerable constraints on scientific research, which was contrary to various research traditions across the EU. Therefore, along with the set of carefully outlined data subjects’ rights, the GDPR provides for a two-leve

This study investigated the relationship between perceived indoor temperature in winter and frailty among community-dwelling older people. This cross-sectional study included 342 people 65 years and older in Japan. Participants answered questions about demographics, frailty, housing, and perceived indoor temperature in winter. Participants were grouped based on perceived indoor temperature (Cold o

Although cuprate high-temperature superconductors were discovered already in 1986 the origin of the pairing mechanism remains elusive. While the doped compounds are superconducting with high transition temperatures Tc, the undoped compounds are insulating due to the strong effective Coulomb interaction between the Cu 3d holes. We investigate the dependence of the maximum superconducting transition

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), an important biobased platform chemical, can be potentially oxidized to several products that can serve as versatile building blocks for polymers. 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furan carboxylic acid (HMFCA) is formed by incomplete oxidation of HMF but the reaction often suffers from substrate inhibition and overoxidation to other products. In this study, resting cells of Glucon

The development of microwave photon detectors is paving the way for a wide range of quantum technologies and fundamental discoveries involving single photons. Here, we investigate the photon emission from a microwave cavity and find that distribution of photon waiting times contains information about few-photon processes, which cannot easily be extracted from standard correlation measurements. The

Many biological data acquisition platforms suffer from inadvertent inclusion of biologically irrelevant variance in analyzed data, collectively termed batch effects. Batch effects can lead to difficulties in downstream analysis by lowering the power to detect biologically interesting differences and can in certain instances lead to false discoveries. They are especially troublesome in predictive m

Computational tools are widely used for interpreting variants detected in sequencing projects. The choice of these tools is critical for reliable variant impact interpretation for precision medicine and should be based on systematic performance assessment. The performance of the methods varies widely in different performance assessments, for example due to the contents and sizes of test datasets.

Background Intracellular delivery of antimicrobial agents by nanoparticles, such as mesoporous silica particles (MSPs), offers an interesting strategy to treat intracellular infections. In tuberculosis (TB), Mycobacterium tuberculosis avoids components of the immune system by residing primarily inside alveolar macrophages, which are the desired target for TB therapy. Methods and findings We have p

he aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of hydration status on glycemic regulation in healthy adults and explore underlying mechanisms. In this randomized crossover trial, 16 healthy adults (8 men, 8 women) underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) when hypohydrated and rehydrated after 4 days of pretrial standardization. One day before OGTT, participants were dehydrated fo

Background: Breathlessness, the subjective sensation of breathing discomfort, is common and appears in the daily life of people with cardiorespiratory diseases. Physicians often rely on patient's history based on symptom recall. The relation between recalled and experienced breathlessness is still poorly understood. This paper presents the protocol for a study primarily aimed at evaluating the rel