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Indigenous Real Wages and Standards of Living in Colonial Bechuanaland Protectorate, 1900-1960

The economic history of colonial Bechuanaland has generally been under researched. In this article we aim at redeeming this situation by constructing real wage series for various occupations 1900-1960 using records from the colonial archives. We calculate nominal wages, subsistence consumption baskets and real wages. Our mapping means that we fill an existing knowledge gap. Throughout the text we

Saving Youth from Idleness and Poverty: Vocational Education as a Way towards Discipline and Livelihood in Argentina (1880–1920) and China (1917–1937)

During the second half of the 19th century, both China and Argentina experienced accelerated economic, political, and social changes. To become a 'modern' nation was an integral part of both countries' efforts to deal with these transformations. Education played a key role in this nation-building process: it was expected to shape the national citizen and, thereby, the nation. However, with regard

Jerusalem mitt i byn. Det tidigmedeltida kyrkobyggandet ur rituellt perspektiv.

The stone churches of the early medieval period are commonly supposed to have been built at the instance of society’s upper echelon, the buildingsthemselves being seen as symbolic proclamations of the social hegemony of the class concerned. The present article seeks to broaden the perspective regarding both the prime movers of church building and their motives. The building of a church required th

Design, synthesis and evaluation of spiro-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane derivatives as paclitaxel mimetics

Nature contains an endless supply of natural products and has for long been a source of inspiration for the pharmaceutical industry. Many of the drugs currently in clinical use originate from natural products. Paclitaxel, the active substance in the anti cancer medicine Taxol, was first isolated from the Pacific yew tree (Taxus brevifolia) in the early 1960s during a screening program for novel an