This article focuses on the proportionality analysis carried out by international investment tribunals when the protection of foreign investment adversely impacts the protection of human rights. International investment arbitrators are increasingly called to adjudicate awards which require a 'balancing' between the so-called rights of investors, protected as they are by relevant international inve

Mi Lennhag reviews Vory: den ryska supermaffian (The Vory: Russia’s Super Mafia) by Mark Galeotti (translated by Manne Svensson). The book examines organized crime in the Soviet Union and in post-Soviet Russia. Historical, political and cultural contexts help explaining the Russian mafia and the phenomenon vory. Galeotti pictures a Russian society where politics and organized crime remain closely

We discuss network neutrality regulation of the Internet in the context of a two-sided market model. Platforms sell broadband Internet access services to residential consumers and may set fees to content and application providers on the Internet. When access is monopolized, cross-group externalities (network effects) can give a rationale for network neutrality regulation (requiring zero fees to co

The influence of grain boundaries on the mechanical properties of poly-crystalline metals is well known. Here we investigate the influence from a centrally placed grain boundary in nano-sized beams of Cu subjected to tensile loading. The crystallographic orientations in the grains are [100], [110] and [111]. The investigation is performed by means of molecular dynamic simulations employing the molThe influence of grain boundaries on the mechanical properties of poly-crystalline metals is well known. Here we investigate the influence from a centrally placed grain boundary in nano-sized beams of Cu subjected to tensile loading. The crystallographic orientations in the grains are [100], [110] and [111]. The investigation is performed by means of molecular dynamic simulations employing the mol

The amount of short wavelength (ultraviolet (UV), violet and blue) light that reaches the retina depends on the transmittance properties of the ocular media, especially the lens, and varies greatly across species in all vertebrate groups studied previously. We measured the lens transmittance in 32 anuran amphibians with different habits, geographical distributions and phylogenetic positions and us

Introduction. When using bibliometrics for research evaluation, the classification of research fields is an issue of great importance. The purpose of this paper is to outline a brief theoretical framework for analysing the role of classification in research evaluation practices.Theory. Taking departure in the concept of ‘boundary objects’ we develop a theoretical framework for analyses of how scie

A key challenge in the treatment of colorectal cancer is identification of the sentinel draining lymph node. Magnetomotive ultrasound, MMUS, has identified lymph nodes in rat models: superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) accumulated in the lymph are forced to oscillate by an external magnetic field; the resulting axial displacement is recovered allowing structure delineation with pot

We review the literature on public sector outsourcing to explore if the theoretical predictions from the incomplete contracts literature hold up to recent empirical evidence. Guided by theory, we arrange services according to the type and magnitude of their contractibility problems. The empirical studies point at rather favourable outsourcing outcomes, in terms of costs and quality, for services w

Studies of the fragmentation of jets into charged particles in heavy-ion collisions can provide information about the mechanism of jet quenching by the hot and dense QCD matter created in such collisions, the quark-gluon plasma. This paper presents a measurement of the angular distribution of charged particles around the jet axis in sNN=5.02 TeV Pb+Pb and pp collisions, using the ATLAS detector at

The majority of studies on mental health in deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children report a higher level of mental health problems. Inconsistencies in reports of prevalence of mental health problems have been found to be related to a number of factors such as language skills, cognitive ability, heterogeneous samples as well as validity problems caused by using written measures designed for typica

IntroductionAn overview of the different hybrid-processes combining pervaporation with a conventional separation as a tool to recover organic compounds from waste water will be given. Analysing potential applications shows that pervaporation alone will rarely be economical due to the purity required nowadays in waste water treatment. The limitation on flux owing to the activity being the driving f

BACKGROUND: A calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-free immunosuppressive regimen has been demonstrated to improve renal function early after heart transplantation, but long-term outcome of such a strategy has not been well described. METHODS: In the randomized SCHEDULE trial, de novo heart transplant recipients received (1) everolimus with reduced-exposure CNI (cyclosporine) followed by CNI withdrawal at

Context: Chronic breathlessness is a clinical syndrome that results in significant distress and disability. Morphine can reduce chronic breathlessness when the contributing etiologies are optimally treated. Objectives: Does oxycodone reduce chronic breathlessness compared with placebo? Methods: A multisite, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-arm, fixed-dose trial of oral contro

The existing information supports the use of this material as described in this safety assessment. Isobutyl alcohol was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity/photoallergenicity, skin sensitization, and environmental safety. Data show that isobutyl alcohol is not genotoxic. Data on isobutyl alcohol provide a calculated M