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LHC Dark Matter Working Group: Next-generation spin-0 dark matter models

Dark matter (DM) simplified models are by now commonly used by the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations to interpret searches for missing transverse energy (ET miss). The coherent use of these models sharpened the LHC DM search program, especially in the presentation of its results and their comparison to DM direct-detection (DD) and indirect-detection (ID) experiments. However, the community has been awa

Inhibition of insulin release after passive transfer of immunoglobulin from insulin-dependent diabetic children to mice

We used the mouse passive transfer model to test whether islet cell antibodies affect β-cell function. The immunoglobulin (Ig) fraction of plasma from 5 islet cell surface antibody-positive, newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetic children or of a pool of plasma from 12 normal subjects was injected daily (7–16 mg IgG/day) for 14 days into normal immunosuppressed BALB/c mice. Insulin secretory r

L-Leucine methyl ester stimulates insulin secretion and islet glutamate dehydrogenase

Column perifusion of collagenase-isolated mouse pancreatic islets was used to study the dynamics of insulin release in experiments lasting for several hours. The methyl esters of L-leucine and L-arginine were synthetised. Whereas L-arginine methyl ester (L-arginine OMe) had no effect, L-leucine OMe stimulated the release of insulin. The effect of L-leucine OMe was maximal at 5 mmol/liter. Whereas

Detection of HLA-D/DR-related DNA polymorphism in HLA-D homozygous typing cells.

Sequences of different sizes are generated when DNA from homozygous HLA-Dw/DR typing cells are digested with restriction endonuclease and analyzed by hybridization with a HLA-D region class II antigen beta-chain cDNA probe. The patterns of hybridization were highly polymorphic but one endonuclease, BamHI, defined sequences unique to all HLA-Dw/DR specificities 1-8 except HLA-Dw/DR 2 and 6; however

β-cell function relative to islet volume and hormone content in the isolated perfused mouse pancreas

The β-cell function, total islet volume, and number were studied in 1- to 18-month-old mice, together with the extractable pancreatic insulin and glucagon. The β-cell function, determined as the total amount of insulin released in response to glucose from the in vitro perfused pancreas showed an agerelated increase, without any differences in the kinetics of insulin secretion between young and old

B‐Cell Function and Islet Cell and Other Organ‐Specific Autoantibodies in Relatives to Insulin‐Dependent Diabetic Patients

ABSTRACT The pancreatic B‐cell function (glucose tolerance, C‐peptide release) and organ‐specific autoantibodies, including islet cell cytoplasmic and cell surface (mouse), were studied in 45 first‐degree relatives of patients with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus diagnosed before the age of 30 years. Compared to 107 healthy persons without any family history of either insulin‐dependent or non‐

Isolation of rat major histocompatibility genes expressed in pancreatic β-cells

The probable role of cell surface antigens in the development of juvenile diabetes necessitates a detailed study of the proteins expressed on the surface of pancreatic β-cells. A gene library composed of genes expressed in β-cells was constructed to provide a source of low abundance genes from those cells. Initial studies with this library have led to the isolation of three genes which share nucle

Humoral immunity in the spontaneously diabetic BB rat

Litters of BB rats with an expected high and low incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes were followed from weaning until the age of about 140 days. Islet cell surface antibodies (ICSA) and lymphocyte antibodies (LA) were determined in a radioligand assay with fixed rat insulinoma (RIN 5F) cells, an insulin-secreting cell line, or spleen lymphocytes. In the low-incidence litter, 2 out of 14 rats h

Glucose stimulates the biosynthesis of a human pancreatic islet cell protein detected by an antiserum against the human erythrocyte glucose transporter

An antiserum raised against the purified human erythrocyte glucose transporter specifically immunoprecipitated a major protein of Mr36 000 and a minor protein of Mr 58 000 from human pancreatic islets. The biosynthetic incorporation of [35S]methionine into the 36-kDa protein increased 2-3 fold in 16 mM D-glucose with 0.1 mM IBMX as compared to islets incubated in 3 mM D-glucose either with or with

Analysis of islet cell antibodies on frozen sections of human pancreas

The sensitivity and specificity of the assay for islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies in human serum were examined using cryostat sections from fresh frozen pancreas. The specificity of the assay was close to 100% while the sensitivity was 40%-98% depending on the pancreas used. Inter-observer variation was 12-27%. End-point titres of islet cell antibodies varied with the sensitivity of each pancreas

Modulation of thalamo-cortical activity by the NMDA receptor antagonists ketamine and phencyclidine in the awake freely-moving rat

Non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists mimic schizophrenia symptoms and produce immediate and persistent antidepressant effects. We investigated the effects of ketamine and phencyclidine (PCP) on thalamo-cortical network activity in awake, freely-moving male Wistar rats to gain new insight into the neuronal populations and brain circuits involved in the effects of NMDA-R antagon

HLA-D region β-chain DNA endonuclease fragments differ between HLA-DR identical healthy and insulin-dependent diabetic individuals

The human HLA-D histocompatibility region encodes class II antigens each of which consists of two polypeptide chains (α and β) inserted in the plasma membrane. These molecules are implicated in the regulation of the immune response1-3 but several human diseases are also found to be associated with certain HLA-DR antigens4. The occurrence of insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes (IDDM) is strongly as

Quantitative determination of islet cell surface antibodies using 125I-protein A

A quantitative method to measure islet cell surface antibodies in human patients has been developed using 125I-protein A. Isolated, dispersed, viable rat islet cells prepared by collagenase digestion were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde to allow storage for up to 7 wk at 4°C. Human sera, heat inactivated and adsorbed with rat liver and kidney powder (100 mg/ml), were incubated with the fixed cells (5

Past dynamics of a marine-terminating glacier in lower Borgarfjörður, west Iceland - Analyses of glaciotectonic sediments and landforms

Glaciärer är väldigt effektiva på att forma landskapet och skapa nya sediment och landformer genom erosion, deposition och deformation. Genom att studera dessa landformer och sediment kan värdefull information erhållas om de processer som formade dem, glaciärers historia samt klimat- och miljöförändringar.Detta projekt fokuserar på glaciala landformer och sediment i den lägre-Borgarfjörður regioneLarge and complete sections through glacial landforms formed in subaqueous environments are rare, impeding our knowledge of their internal composition and the processes responsible for their formation. Following the last deglaciation of the Icelandic Ice Sheet (IIS), a marine-terminating outlet glacier advanced out of the fjord of Borgarfjörður resulting in large-scale glaciotectonic deformation o

HΛ3 and H‾Λ‾3 lifetime measurement in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV via two-body decay

An improved value for the lifetime of the (anti-)hypertriton has been obtained using the data sample of Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV collected by the ALICE experiment at the LHC. The (anti-)hypertriton has been reconstructed via its charged two-body mesonic decay channel and the lifetime has been determined from an exponential fit to the dN/d(ct) spectrum. The measured value, τ=242−38 +34 (sta

Measurement of jet radial profiles in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV

The jet radial structure and particle transverse momentum (pT) composition within jets are presented in centrality-selected Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV. Track-based jets, which are also called charged jets, were reconstructed with a resolution parameter of R=0.3 at midrapidity |ηch jet|

GNAS gene is an important regulator of insulin secretory capacity in pancreatic β-cells

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex polygenic disease with unclear mechanism. In an attempt to identify novel genes involved in β-cell function, we harness a bioinformatics method called Loss-of-function tool (LoFtool) gene score. METHODS: RNA-sequencing data from human islets were used to cross-reference genes within the 1st quartile of most intolerant LoFtool score with the 100th most