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Height, body mass index and prostate cancer risk and mortality by way of detection and cancer risk category

Obesity is a risk factor for advanced, but not localised, prostate cancer (PCa), and for poor prognosis. However, the detection of localised PCa through asymptomatic screening might influence these associations. We investigated height and body mass index (BMI) among 431 902 men in five Swedish cohorts in relation to PCa risk, according to cancer risk category and detection mode, and PCa-specific m

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The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis is currently based on pathogenesis and pathophysiology, being the etiology still unknown. At cognition and activation phase of rheumatoid arthritis, there is a number of potential therapeutic approaches, still in development and in early trials. At inflammation and even more at invasive phase of rheumatoid arthritis, the treatment should take into consideratio

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The study has been performed in order to give a contribution to the knowledge of the conjunctival cytology in Sjögren's syndrome. Exfoliated cells were obtained by a tampon from the inferior conjunctival sac of 11 patients affected by primary or secondary Sjögren's syndrome; the material was placed onto a microscope slide and it was stained with May-Grumwald-Giemsa, after the ferning test had been

Eye lens crystallin proteins inhibit the autocatalytic amyloid amplification nature of mature α-synuclein fibrils

Parkinson´s disease is characterized by the accumulation of proteinaceous aggregates in Lewy bodies and Lewy Neurites. The main component found in such aggregates is α-synuclein. Here, we investigate how bovine eye lens crystallin proteins influence the aggregation kinetics of α-synuclein at mildly acidic pH (5.5) where the underlying aggregation mechanism of this protein is dominated by secondary

Plasma insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 in pulmonary arterial hypertension

Background: Beside the pulmonary vasoconstriction observed in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), severe proliferative and antiapoptotic cellular phenotypes result in vascular remodelling. Many recent findings indicate similarities between PAH and tumour pathology. For instance, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 signalling, which is known to promote tumour development, is implicated in PAH. Hi

Dislocation-Free and Atomically Flat GaN Hexagonal Microprisms for Device Applications

III-nitrides are considered the material of choice for light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and lasers in the visible to ultraviolet spectral range. The development is hampered by lattice and thermal mismatch between the nitride layers and the growth substrate leading to high dislocation densities. In order to overcome the issue, efforts have gone into selected area growth of nanowires (NWs), using their

What Happened to 'Race' in Race Biology? The Swedish State Institute for Race Biology, 1936-1960

The Swedish State Institute for Race Biology (SIRB) was founded in 1921 and immediately became the most important institution for racial science in Sweden. We know a great deal about the history of SIRB until 1935, when right-wing director Herman Lundborg retired and was replaced by the left-wing, anti-fascist Gunnar Dahlberg. In this essay, the later history of SIRB is for the first time examined

Revealing hidden realities : disclosing domestic abuse to informal others

Little is known about the initial disclosure process when victims of domestic abuse break their silence and tell family, friends, neighbours or colleagues. This study draws on interviews with 21 Swedish women and analyses the interactional and emotional processes of the first disclosure. Shame, perpetrator threats, child custody issues, fear over increased/expanded violence, and how disclosure wil

Impact of allograft ischemic time on long-term survival in lung transplantation : a Swedish monocentric study

Purpose: The influence of allograft ischemic time (IT) on short- and long-term mortality remains under debate in lung transplantation (LTx). Due to a scarcity in donors, better understanding of IT might improve the outcome after LTx. Methods: Between January 1990 and June 2016; 307 patients underwent LTx at Lund university hospital, Sweden. The end-point used was death/Re-LTx assessed by Cox regre

Surface-guided tomotherapy improves positioning and reduces treatment time : A retrospective analysis of 16 835 treatment fractions

Purpose: In this study, we have quantified the setup deviation and time gain when using fast surface scanning for daily setup/positioning with weekly megavoltage computed tomography (MVCT) and compared it to daily MVCT. Methods: A total of 16 835 treatment fractions were analyzed, treated, and positioned using our TomoTherapy HD (Accuray Inc., Madison, USA) installed with a Sentinel optical surfac

Hippocampal NG2+ pericytes in chronically stressed rats and depressed patients : a quantitative study

Objective: The suggested link between major depression disorder (MDD) and blood–brain barrier (BBB) alterations supports an impact on the neurovascular unit in this disease condition. Here we investigate how pericytes, a major component in the neurovascular unit, respond to stress, stress hormones, proinflammatory cytokine and depression. Method: Hippocampal sections of chronic unpredictable stres

Alkaliphiles : The Versatile Tools in Biotechnology

The extreme environments within the biosphere are inhabited by organisms known as extremophiles. Lately, these organisms are attracting a great deal of interest from researchers and industrialists. The motive behind this attraction is mainly related to the desire for new and efficient products of biotechnological importance and human curiosity of understanding nature. Organisms living in common “h

Alkaliphiles : The Emerging Biological Tools Enhancing Concrete Durability

Concrete is one of the most commonly used building materials ever used. Despite it is a very important and common construction material, concrete is very sensitive to crack formation and requires repair. A variety of chemical-based techniques and materials have been developed to repair concrete cracks. Although the use of these chemical-based repair systems are the best commercially available choi

Grafted human pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical neurons integrate into adult human cortical neural circuitry

Several neurodegenerative diseases cause loss of cortical neurons, leading to sensory, motor, and cognitive impairments. Studies in different animal models have raised the possibility that transplantation of human cortical neuronal progenitors, generated from pluripotent stem cells, might be developed into a novel therapeutic strategy for disorders affecting cerebral cortex. For example, we have s

Berättelser om en röd stuga : Föreställningar om en idyll ur ett svenskdidaktiskt perspektiv

This licentiate-thesis, Stories About a red Cottage, is an attempt to combine cultural theory with a didactic method applied to Swedish as a field of study. With the two notions intertextuality and the foreign as a starting point, I discuss the importance of how an idyllic view of Sweden affects students studying Swedish as a foreign language as part of their studies in Scandinavistics. The studenThis licentiate-thesis, Stories About a red Cottage, is an attempt to combine cultural theory with a didactic method applied to Swedish as a field of study. With the two notions intertextuality and the foreign as a starting point, I discuss the importance of how an idyllic view of Sweden affects students studying Swedish as a foreign language as part of their studies in Scandinavistics. The studen

Differentiable fixed-rank regularisation using bilinear parameterisation

Low rank structures are present in many applications of computer vision and machine learning. A popular approach consists of explicitly parameterising the set or matrices with sought rank, leading to a bilinear factorisation, reducing the problem to find the bilinear factors. While such an approach can be efficiently implemented using second-order methods, such as Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) or Varia

A simple approach to nondecreasing paths

We present a simple reduction of the problem of nondecreasing paths (with minimal last edge weight) in a directed edge-weighted graph to a reachability problem in a directed unweighted graph. The reduction yields an alternative simple method of solving the single-source nondecreasing paths problem in almost linear time. If the edge weights are integers then our algorithm can be implemented in O((n

Effects of feed composition, protein denaturation and storage of milk serum protein/lactose powders on lactosylation

During whey powder production, the feed is subjected to several heat treatments which can cause lactosylation of proteins. In this study, lactosylation of whey proteins was evaluated in spray-dried powders before and after storage by varying the native protein fraction as well as the serum protein/lactose ratio in the powders. The lactosylation of native α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin in the po